Abstract: Electrochemical cells are provided, wherein a metal ion is adsorbed to a manganese dioxide- or carbon-containing electrode due to the addition of a metal additive to the cell's electrolyte and/or cathode. Methods for preparing such cells are also provided. In particular embodiments, the electrochemical cells are alkaline electrochemical cells, and the electrode contains manganese dioxide.

Abstract: A composite material includes electro-deposited manganese dioxide particles of up to 110 micron in size and in a form of ?-modification of manganese dioxide; and single-walled carbon nanotubes with a diameter of 1 to 2 nm and a length of 1 to 5 ?m, wherein a content of the carbon nanotubes is 0.0001 to 0.1 wt % of the composite material. Optionally, the particles have an average size of about 40-60 microns. Optionally, the carbon nanotubes form a coating on a surface of the particles and extend inward from the surface. Optionally, the single-wall carbon nanotubes form a three-dimensional conductive network in the material.

Abstract: A composite material includes electro-deposited manganese dioxide particles of up to 110 micron in size and in a form of ?-modification of manganese dioxide; and single-walled carbon nanotubes with a diameter of 1 to 2 nm and a length of 1 to 5 ?m, wherein a content of the carbon nanotubes is 0.0001 to 0.1 wt % of the composite material. Optionally, the particles have an average size of about 40-60 microns. Optionally, the carbon nanotubes form a coating on a surface of the particles and extend inward from the surface. Optionally, the single-wall carbon nanotubes form a three-dimensional conductive network in the material.

Abstract: A composite material includes electro-deposited manganese dioxide particles of up to 110 micron in size and in a form of ?-modification of manganese dioxide; and single-walled carbon nanotubes with a diameter of 1 to 2 nm and a length of 1 to 5 ?m, wherein a content of the carbon nanotubes is 0.0001 to 0.1 wt % of the composite material. Optionally, the particles have an average size of about 40-60 microns. Optionally, the carbon nanotubes form a coating on a surface of the particles and extend inward from the surface. Optionally, the single-wall carbon nanotubes form a three-dimensional conductive network in the material.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells are provided, wherein a metal ion is adsorbed to a manganese dioxide- or carbon-containing electrode due to the addition of a metal additive to the cell's electrolyte and/or cathode. Methods for preparing such cells are also provided. In particular embodiments, the electrochemical cells are alkaline electrochemical cells, and the electrode contains manganese dioxide.

Abstract: A composite material includes electro-deposited manganese dioxide particles of up to 110 micron in size and in a form of ?-modification of manganese dioxide; and single-walled carbon nanotubes with a diameter of 1 to 2 nm and a length of 1 to 5 ?m, wherein a content of the carbon nanotubes is 0.0001 to 0.1 wt % of the composite material. Optionally, the particles have an average size of about 40-60 microns. Optionally, the carbon nanotubes form a coating on a surface of the particles and extend inward from the surface. Optionally, the single-wall carbon nanotubes form a three-dimensional conductive network in the material.

Abstract: Designs, strategies and methods for forming biocompatible batteries with plated cathode chemistries are described. In some examples, an electrolytic manganese dioxide layer may be plated upon a cathode collector before assembly into a micro-battery. In some examples, the biocompatible battery with electrodeposited cathode may be used in a biomedical device. In some further examples, the biocompatible battery with electrodeposited cathode may be used in a contact lens.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the electrochemical behaviour of carbon involving the use of a half cell set-up and solid sacrificial anode. The electrochemical oxidation of a selectively-contaminated graphite electrode has been assessed; the contaminants included anatase, alumina, pyrite, quartz, kaolin and montmorillonite. From the systematic introduction of these contaminants it was discovered that clay materials, such as kaolin and montmorillonite act catalytically to increase the rate of graphite oxidation. This demonstrates a clear effect of the solid phase interaction of contaminants upon the electrochemical oxidation of graphite; the same effect was not observed when the contaminants were added instead to the molten carbonate electrolyte.

Abstract: The invention is an electrochemical battery cell with a fluid consuming electrode, such as an oxygen reduction electrode, and a fluid regulating system. The fluid regulating system includes a valve for adjusting the rate of passage of the fluid to the fluid consuming electrode. It is operated by an actuator that responds (e.g., by deforming) to changes in a potential applied across the actuator to open or close the valve. The applied potential can be the cell potential or an adjusted potential. The potential applied across the actuator can vary according to the need for more or less fluid in the fluid consuming electrode. The valve can be contained within the cell housing, for example between the fluid consuming electrode and one or more fluid entry ports in the cell housing, or it can be located outside the cell housing.