Abstract: A virtual training system includes a computing processor, a virtual reality (VR) headset and a sensor to determine a VR hand position. The processor is configured according to computing instructions in a memory device for displaying a first VR scene that includes a first VR object. A second VR scene is displayed within a visual portal in the first VR scene that includes a second VR object. A user VR hand image is displayed in at least one of the first VR scene and the second VR scene based upon the determined VR hand position.

Abstract: A virtual training system includes a computing processor, a virtual reality (VR) headset and a sensor to determine a VR hand position. The processor is configured according to computing instructions in a memory device for displaying a first VR scene that includes a first VR object. A second VR scene is displayed within a visual portal in the first VR scene that includes a second VR object. A user VR hand image is displayed in at least one of the first VR scene and the second VR scene based upon the determined VR hand position.

Abstract: A resistor having a generally planar substrate with a resistive element located on each side of the substrate and a plurality of terminals for connecting opposing portions of each of the resistive elements to an electronic circuit. The resistive elements have substantially equal dimensions and resistive properties such that they have substantially equal resistance values and exhibit substantially equal current densities for any given applied voltage. The substrate can be a ceramic-coated metal core with the resistive elements silk-screened onto opposite sides of the substrate. The resistive elements have a substantially uniform thickness so that they exhibit a uniform current density when subjected to an applied voltage. With this dual resistive layer design, thermal bending of the resistor due to differential thermal expansion at one of the ceramic layers is substantially offset by thermal bending due to differential thermal expansion at the other ceramic layer.