Abstract: A scavenger comprising a formaldehyde sulfoxylate may be used to scavenge hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from systems that are brine or mixed production. Suitable formaldehyde sulfoxylates include, but are not necessarily limited to, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate, and calcium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, potassium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, magnesium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, iron formaldehyde sulfoxylate, copper formaldehyde sulfoxylate, alkene aldehyde sulfoxylates, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A scavenger comprising a formaldehyde sulfoxylate may be used to scavenge hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from systems that are brine or mixed production. Suitable formaldehyde sulfoxylates include, but are not necessarily limited to, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate, and calcium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, potassium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, magnesium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, iron formaldehyde sulfoxylate, copper formaldehyde sulfoxylate, alkene aldehyde sulfoxylates, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A scavenger comprising a formaldehyde sulfoxylate may be used to scavenge hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from systems that are brine or mixed production. Suitable formaldehyde sulfoxylates include, but are not necessarily limited to, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate, and calcium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, potassium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, magnesium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, iron formaldehyde sulfoxylate, copper formaldehyde sulfoxylate, alkene aldehyde sulfoxylates, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method for scavenging hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from a fluid containing H2S and metal ions by introducing into the fluid at least one metal chelant in an amount effective to chelate metal ions in the fluid to form at least one metal-chelate complex; and removing at least a portion of the H2S from the fluid with an effective amount of the at least one metal-chelate complex. The method may further comprise the step of introducing at least one enzyme having an ability to scavenge H2S into the fluid in an amount effective to scavenge H2S from the fluid, where the amount of the at least one metal-chelate complex is effective to influence the ability of the at least one enzyme to scavenge H2S.

Abstract: A scavenger comprising a formaldehyde sulfoxylate may be used to scavenge hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from systems that are brine or mixed production. Suitable formaldehyde sulfoxylates include, but are not necessarily limited to, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, zinc formaldehyde sulfoxylate, and calcium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, potassium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, magnesium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, iron formaldehyde sulfoxylate, copper formaldehyde sulfoxylate, alkene aldehyde sulfoxylates, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The use of a composition including a transition metal salt and at least one water-soluble aldehyde or water-soluble aldehyde precursor scavenges H2S that is present in aqueous fluids (e.g. produced water liquid streams), natural gas and in oil and mixtures thereof (e.g. mixed production streams that contain all three phases) better than either component when used alone. The resulting scavenger combination significantly increases the reaction rate and the overall scavenging efficiency, i.e. capacity over the case where each component is used alone, in the same total amount. Non-limiting examples of the metal salt include zinc or iron carboxylates, and a non-limiting example of a water-soluble aldehyde or water-soluble aldehyde precursor is ethylene glycol hemiformal.

Abstract: A transition metal carboxylate scavenger may be used to scavenge contaminants from systems from mixed production and/or gas, either dry or wet hydrocarbon gas. The contaminants scavenged or otherwise removed may include, but are not necessarily limited to, H2S, mercaptans, sulfides, and combinations thereof. Suitable transition metal carboxylates in the scavenger include, but are not limited to, zinc octoate, zinc dodecanoate, zinc naphthenate, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The use of a composition that includes a metal salt and an oil soluble amine formaldehyde reaction product scavenges H2S that is present in aqueous fluids (e.g. produced water liquid streams), natural gas and in oil and mixtures thereof (e.g. mixed production streams that contain all three phases) better than either component when used alone. The resulting scavenger combination significantly increases the reaction rate and the overall scavenging efficiency, i.e. capacity over each component when used alone, in the same total amount. Non-limiting examples of the metal salt include zinc or iron carboxylates, and a non-limiting example of an oil soluble amine formaldehyde reaction product is the reaction product of dibutylamine with formaldehyde.

Abstract: A transition metal carboxylate scavenger may be used to scavenge contaminants from systems from mixed production and/or gas, either dry or wet hydrocarbon gas. The contaminants scavenged or otherwise removed may include, but are not necessarily limited to, H2S, mercaptans, sulfides, and combinations thereof. Suitable transition metal carboxylates in the scavenger include, but are not limited to, zinc octoate, zinc dodecanoate, zinc naphthenate, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The use of a composition including a transition metal salt and at least one water-soluble aldehyde or water-soluble aldehyde precursor scavenges H2S that is present in aqueous fluids (e.g. produced water liquid streams), natural gas and in oil and mixtures thereof (e.g. mixed production streams that contain all three phases) better than either component when used alone. The resulting scavenger combination significantly increases the reaction rate and the overall scavenging efficiency, i.e. capacity over the case where each component is used alone, in the same total amount. Non-limiting examples of the metal salt include zinc or iron carboxylates, and a non-limiting example of a water-soluble aldehyde or water-soluble aldehyde precursor is ethylene glycol hemiformal.

Abstract: The use of a composition that includes a metal salt and an oil soluble amine formaldehyde reaction product scavenges H2S that is present in aqueous fluids (e.g. produced water liquid streams), natural gas and in oil and mixtures thereof (e.g. mixed production streams that contain all three phases) better than either component when used alone. The resulting scavenger combination significantly increases the reaction rate and the overall scavenging efficiency, i.e. capacity over each component when used alone, in the same total amount. Non-limiting examples of the metal salt include zinc or iron carboxylates, and a non-limiting example of an oil soluble amine formaldehyde reaction product is the reaction product of dibutylamine with formaldehyde.

Abstract: In a method for optimizing gas lift operations in the production of crude oil, a surfactant is injected into the an oil well such that the surface tension between a lift gas and the formation fluid being produced is reduced and/or a lift gas-formation fluid foam is formed. The reduction in surface tension and/or foam formation increases the efficiency of the lift gas for lifting the formation fluid to the surface. The surfactant is a silicone resin which may be combined with other surfactants, in some embodiments.

Abstract: A drag reducing additive for heavy oil, such as crude oil, includes a polymeric alkyl-substituted phenol formaldehyde resin and a solvent having at least one of an ester (e.g. ethyl acetate), an aldehyde (e.g. butyraldehyde), and an aromatic hydrocarbon (e.g. toluene, xylene, and the like), or mixtures thereof. When used together with a diluent (e.g. condensate, naphtha, or the like), the additive may reduce viscosity of the combined oil, diluent, and additive by at least 20%, increase throughput by at least 6%, reduce power consumption by at least 3%, reduce the diluent proportion by at least 3%, or some combination of these effects, as compared with an otherwise identical heavy oil without the additive.

Abstract: A drag reducing additive for heavy oil, such as crude oil, includes a polymeric alkyl-substituted phenol formaldehyde resin and a solvent having at least one of an ester (e.g. ethyl acetate), an aldehyde (e.g. butyraldehyde), and an aromatic hydrocarbon (e.g. toluene, xylene, and the like), or mixtures thereof. When used together with a diluent (e.g. condensate, naphtha, or the like), the additive may reduce viscosity of the combined oil, diluent, and additive by at least 20%, increase throughput by at least 6%, reduce power consumption by at least 3%, reduce the diluent proportion by at least 3%, or some combination of these effects, as compared with an otherwise identical heavy oil without the additive.

Abstract: A drag reducing additive for heavy oil, such as crude oil, includes a polymeric alkyl-substituted phenol formaldehyde resin and a solvent having at least one of an ester (e.g. ethyl acetate), an aldehyde (e.g. butyraldehyde), and an aromatic hydrocarbon (e.g. toluene, xylene, and the like), or mixtures thereof. When used together with a diluent (e.g. condensate, naphtha, or the like), the additive may reduce viscosity of the combined oil, diluent, and additive by at least 20%, increase throughput by at least 6%, reduce power consumption by at least 3%, reduce the diluent proportion by at least 3%, or some combination of these effects, as compared with an otherwise identical heavy oil without the additive.

Abstract: In a method for optimizing gas lift operations in the production of crude oil, a surfactant is injected into the an oil well such that the surface tension between a lift gas and the formation fluid being produced is reduced and/or a lift gas-formation fluid foam is formed. The reduction in surface tension and/or foam formation increases the efficiency of the lift gas for lifting the formation fluid to the surface. The surfactant is a silicone resin which may be combined with other surfactants, in some embodiments. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract which will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Abstract: A drag reducing additive for heavy oil, such as crude oil, includes a polymeric alkyl-substituted phenol formaldehyde resin and a solvent having at least one of an ester (e.g. ethyl acetate), an aldehyde (e.g. butyraldehyde), and an aromatic hydrocarbon (e.g. toluene, xylene, and the like), or mixtures thereof. When used together with a diluent (e.g. condensate, naphtha, or the like), the additive may reduce viscosity of the combined oil, diluent, and additive by at least 20%, increase throughput by at least 6%, reduce power consumption by at least 3%, reduce the diluent proportion by at least 3%, or some combination of these effects, as compared with an otherwise identical heavy oil without the additive.

Abstract: Carbonyl species contamination of liquid hydrocarbon media and corrosion of metal surfaces in contact with such media are inhibited. A high boiling point primary or secondary amine is added to the desired liquid hydrocarbon medium, and in one exemplary embodiment, the medium is then brought into contact with a separatory membrane such as a nanofiltration membrane. The permeate from the membrane is a highly purified hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: A method for inhibiting hydrogen sulfite evolution from molten sulfur is disclosed. The method involves adding a hypohalide to molten sulfur containing hydrogen sulfite. The hypohalide, such as hypochlorite, hyprobromite, and their sodium or calcium salts inhibit the evolution of hydrogen sulfite from molten sulfur.

Abstract: A method for determining the concentration of cyanide in an aqueous system is disclosed. The method determines the cyanide concentration from a determination of reference thiocyanate concentrations and will measure the cyanide concentration in the presence of sulfides.