Abstract: An apparatus can include a number of memory devices and a memory controller coupled to one or more of the number of memory devices. The memory controller can include a row hammer detector. The memory controller can be configured increment for a first time period a row counter in a first data structure and a refresh counter. The memory controller can be configured to increment for a second time period a row counter in a second data structure and the refresh counter. The memory controller can be configured to determine that a value of the refresh counter exceeds a refresh threshold and responsive to the determination that the value of the refresh counter exceeds the refresh threshold, issue a notification.

Abstract: An apparatus can include a number of memory devices and a memory controller coupled to one or more of the number of memory devices. The memory controller can include a row hammer detector. The memory controller can be configured increment for a first time period a row counter in a first data structure and a refresh counter. The memory controller can be configured to increment for a second time period a row counter in a second data structure and the refresh counter. The memory controller can be configured to determine that a value of the refresh counter exceeds a refresh threshold and responsive to the determination that the value of the refresh counter exceeds the refresh threshold, issue a notification.

Abstract: An apparatus can include a number of memory devices and a memory controller coupled to one or more of the number of memory devices. The memory controller can include a row hammer detector. The memory controller can be configured increment for a first time period a row counter in a first data structure and a refresh counter. The memory controller can be configured to increment for a second time period a row counter in a second data structure and the refresh counter. The memory controller can be configured to determine that a value of the refresh counter exceeds a refresh threshold and responsive to the determination that the value of the refresh counter exceeds the refresh threshold, issue a notification.

Abstract: An esophageal deflection device includes an elongate outer tube that has a natural curved deflection at a position that corresponds to a targeted esophagus region for deflection. The curved deflection includes variable stiffness sections disposed longitudinally in the curved deflection to provide variation in stiffnesses in the longitudinal direction. The variable stiffness sections can be formed via variable material properties, variable wall thicknesses, and/or variable material omissions. An insertion rod or tube includes a portion that is stiffer than the curved deflection, and slides into the elongate outer tube to straighten the tube to guide the deflection device into an esophagus. Subsequent withdrawal of the insertion tube or rod will allow the curved deflection to return to its natural shape and deflect the targeted region of the esophagus. A three-dimensional array of temperature sensors can be disposed near an outer surface of the elongate outer tube.

Abstract: An esophageal deflection device includes an elongate outer tube that has a natural curved deflection at a position that corresponds to a targeted esophagus region for deflection. The outer diameter of the outer tube is substantially matched to an inner diameter of the esophagus to closely contact the esophagus wall, or is at least half of the inner diameter, or is smaller and includes suction ports for drawing the esophagus wall inward. An insertion rod or tube includes a portion that is stiffer than the curved deflection, and slides into the elongate outer tube to straighten the tube and can serve to guide the deflection device into an esophagus. Subsequent withdrawal of the insertion tube or rod will allow the curved deflection to return to its natural shape and deflect the targeted region of the esophagus.

Abstract: An apparatus can include a number of memory devices and a memory controller coupled to one or more of the number of memory devices. The memory controller can include a row hammer detector. The memory controller can be configured increment for a first time period a row counter in a first data structure and a refresh counter. The memory controller can be configured to increment for a second time period a row counter in a second data structure and the refresh counter. The memory controller can be configured to determine that a value of the refresh counter exceeds a refresh threshold and responsive to the determination that the value of the refresh counter exceeds the refresh threshold, issue a notification.

Abstract: Heat sinks having a mounting surface with a coefficient of thermal expansion matching that of silicon are disclosed. Heat pipes having layered composite or integral composite low coefficient of expansion heat sinks are disclosed that can be mounted directly to silicon semiconductor devices.

Abstract: An esophageal deflection device includes an elongate outer tube that has a natural curved deflection at a position that corresponds to a targeted esophagus region for deflection. The outer diameter of the outer tube is substantially matched to an inner diameter of the esophagus to closely contact the esophagus wall, or is at least half of the inner diameter, or is smaller and includes suction ports for drawing the esophagus wall inward. An insertion rod or tube includes a portion that is stiffer than the curved deflection, and slides into the elongate outer tube to straighten the tube and can serve to guide the deflection device into an esophagus. Subsequent withdrawal of the insertion tube or rod will allow the curved deflection to return to its natural shape and deflect the targeted region of the esophagus. A three-dimensional array of temperature sensors can be disposed near an outer surface of the elongate outer tube.

Abstract: Heat sinks having a mounting surface with a coefficient of thermal expansion matching that of silicon are disclosed. Heat pipes having layered composite or integral composite low coefficient of expansion heat sinks are disclosed that can be mounted directly to silicon semiconductor devices.

Abstract: Heat sinks having a mounting surface with a coefficient of thermal expansion matching that of silicon are disclosed. Heat pipes having layered composite or integral composite low coefficient of expansion heat sinks are disclosed that can be mounted directly to silicon semiconductor devices.

Abstract: The invention provides an economical laser welding method for joining two metal materials with a fillet joint. The method reliably compensates for tolerances between the two materials and can be used in various light conditions and production environments. In addition, the method does not require additional equipment for purposes of seam tracking. Instead, the method includes oscillating a laser beam, for example in a “figure 8” pattern, while moving the laser beam laterally along an interface between the two materials. The width of the fillet joint is increased compared to the fillet joint that would be formed using a non-oscillating laser beam, and thus compensates for the tolerances. The width of the fillet joint depends on the oscillation amplitude of the laser beam, rather than the beam size.

Abstract: Heat sinks having a mounting surface with a coefficient of thermal expansion matching that of silicon are disclosed. Heat pipes having layered composite or integral composite low coefficient of expansion heat sinks are disclosed that can be mounted directly to silicon semiconductor devices.

Abstract: Optical or electrical attenuation is provided at the infrared (IR) receiver of a first device, such as a remote control, together with a commensurate increase in output of the IR transmitter of an appliance, such as a set top box, to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of IR communications with respect to any background infrared radiation, such as radiation from a plasma display screen.

Abstract: A system and method for facilitating infrared (IR) communications from a first device, such as a set top box, to a second device, such as a remote control, in the presence of an IR noise generating device, such as a plasma television, by using at least one of the first device and the second device to actively reduce a level of IR noise being generated by the IR noise generating device during an IR transmission from the first device to the second device.

Abstract: The invention is a heat exchanger transferring heat from a small heat source to a moving fluid. The inherent limitation of such a system is that most of the heat transfer to the fluid occurs only in the immediate vicinity of the heat input even though a large surface area heat transfer structure such as fins or small fluid passages is used to enhance the heat transfer within the heat exchanger. The invention adds a heat pipe inside the heat exchanger enclosure and in contact with the heat transfer structure. The heat pipe spreads the incoming heat over a larger part of the surface area of the heat transfer structure and improves the heat transfer to the cooling fluid by furnishing multiple heat transfer locations without adding extra thermal resistance between the heat source and the fluid flow.

Abstract: Heat sinks having a mounting surface with a coefficient of thermal expansion matching that of silicon are disclosed. Heat pipes having layered composite or integral composite low coefficient of expansion heat sinks are disclosed that can be mounted directly to silicon semiconductor devices.

Abstract: A heat sink for integrated circuits is limited substantially to heat transfer fins on one or more heat pipe tubes, the tube(s) functioning as a base for the heat sink. The heat pipe tube has a flattened oval cross-section and can snap-fit in openings through the fins. The tube is exposed on one side of the heat sink for contact with the heat generating circuit. The fins can be flat or irregular and can have a collar engaging the heat pipe tube. In one example, the heat pipe runs perpendicular to vertical fins along the bottom of a standing fin stack. In another embodiment two U-shaped heat pipe tubes carry a layered stack, the bottom of the U-shapes being presented under the lowermost in the stack. A clamp urges the heat sink against the heat source.

Abstract: Prepackaged cleaning compositions are described which are suitable for on-site dilution, and for cleaning substrates such as air conditioner coils.

Abstract: A system and method for facilitating infrared (IR) communications from a first device, such as a set top box, to a second device, such as a remote control, in the presence of an IR noise generating device, such as a plasma television, by using at least one of the first device and the second device to actively reduce a level of IR noise being generated by the IR noise generating device during an IR transmission from the first device to the second device.

Abstract: Optical or electrical attenuation is provided at the infrared (IR) receiver of a first device, such as a remote control, together with a commensurate increase in output of the IR transmitter of an appliance, such as a set top box, to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of IR communications with respect to any background infrared radiation, such as radiation from a plasma display screen.