Abstract: Methods and apparatus for spectrum coordination are described. A method of spectrum coordination includes a spectrum coordinator receiving a request for shared spectrum from a CRS that the spectrum coordinator supports. The request includes at least one minimum protection requirement. The spectrum coordinator determines protection criteria for the CRS based on the at least one minimum protection requirement received from the CRS. The spectrum coordinator sends the protection criteria for the CRS to a geo-location database for use in assigning shared spectrum to other CRSs that the spectrum coordinator does not support.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for coexistence among wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) operating in the same spectrum are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include a processor that receives a configuration of a coexistence gap pattern defining a pattern of transmission periods and silent periods for the WTRU. The processor may control the WTRU to transmit information during the transmission periods and to not transmit information during the silent periods of the coexistence gap pattern.

Abstract: A wireless network may implement a reduced bandwidth for control information transmitted and/or received on the wireless network. The reduced bandwidth may be used to avoid interference that may be detected from an in-band or adjacent channel. The reduced bandwidth may be used for transmission and/or reception of control information on a cellular or Wi-Fi channel. An eNB or an access point (AP) may signal to a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) information associated with the reduced control channel, such as the power and/or the location of the channel in a frequency band. The control channel may be shifted to avoid a change in interference.

Abstract: A wireless network may implement a reduced bandwidth for control information transmitted and/or received on the wireless network. The reduced bandwidth may be used to avoid interference that may be detected from an in-band or adjacent channel. The reduced bandwidth may be used for transmission and/or reception of control information on a cellular or Wi-Fi channel. An eNB or an access point (AP) may signal to a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) information associated with the reduced control channel, such as the power and/or the location of the channel in a frequency band. The control channel may be shifted to avoid a change in interference.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for effecting power control as well as frequency and timing synchronization in an LTE component carrier functioning in UL-only mode or device-to-device mode, including a UL-only cell in LTE, as well as an new enabling Special Uplink Reference Signal (SURS) that is used to determine the UEs that can take advantage of a UL-only cell. One approach includes interrupting the UL-only operation in a periodic fashion to send a sync signal by the eNB. Another approach includes sending a well know synchronization sequence by the UEs in a periodic fashion, which the eNB compares with its own local frequency reference and sends feedback to the UE to readjust the frequency. Another approach uses dedicated subcarriers where the eNB can send synchronization symbols on the same channel and simultaneously with data being transmitted in the uplink. The UEs transmitting in the UL direction are equipped to receive simultaneously the synchronization symbols on these dedicated subcarriers.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for coexistence among wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) operating in the same spectrum are disclosed. A WTRU includes a memory, a receive unit, a transmit unit and a control unit. The memory stores coexistence gap patterns. Each of the coexistence gap patterns defines a pattern of transmission periods and silent periods for the WTRU and corresponds to a respective duty cycle. The receive unit receives from a base station information regarding a duty cycle for a wireless cell operated by the base station. The control unit selects one of the coexistence gap patterns based on the received information regarding the duty cycle for the wireless cell and controls the transmit unit to transmit information during the transmission periods and not transmit information during the silent periods of the selected one of the plurality of coexistence gap patterns.

Abstract: Systems and methods for using a communication system in a spectrum are provided. For example, a random access or RACH procedure may be performed where the random access or RACH procedure may be configured to reduce secondary interference and/or to be used in a pixel-based environment. The random access or RACH procedure may include selecting a RACH preamble; sending a RACH preamble and/or format information; determining a transmission power of the RACH preamble and/or the format information; determining a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI) and preamble ID associated with the RACH preamble; and/or selecting a physical RACH (PRACH).

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus may be used to provide assistance for connection procedures in a hierarchical network where macro cells may be operating in licensed spectrum while small cells may be operating in dynamic and shared spectrums, such as TVWS. This may be done, for example, to allow an LTE system performing carrier aggregation (CA) to reconfigure itself to change from a supplementary cell (SuppCell) in one dynamic and shared spectrum channel to a SuppCell in another dynamic and shared spectrum channel.

Abstract: An electrical installation bracket includes a body that may telescope to allow the length of the bracket to be changed to accommodate installation in different configurations, for example to accommodate different spacing between mounting studs. The bracket has rails on a face that allow an electrical box to be positioned, by sliding, at any of a variety of locations along the length of the body. The body has holes in it for securing the box to the bracket at a desired location along the body, with a front of the box for example protruding through an opening in the body. The body includes ears on opposite sides of the opening, with mounting holes for mounting the bracket to studs or other structure (or other hardware or devices). The electrical installation bracket advantageously provides more flexibility in placement of electrical boxes, with pre-prepared holes available for securing boxes.

Abstract: An electrical box includes a box portion that surrounds a volume and has an at least partially open back, a mud ring that is coupled to the front of box portion, and structure mounts that extend out beyond a perimeter of the volume enclosed by the box portion. The structure mounts are used to couple to any of a variety of types of structure, such as a stud, an inter-stud bracket, or other structure. The structure mounts may include integral parts of the mud ring, integral parts of the box portion, or separate brackets that are attached to the box portion and/or the mud ring. Advantages for the electrical box include a reduced number of parts, reduced time and labor for installation, and flexibility in installation.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for coexistence management service for licensed and unlicensed spectrum sharing. A coexistence system may include a coexistence manager (CM) that may provide resource allocation services for a coexistence enabler (CE). CMs may negotiate with each other to resolve coexistence issues via directly or indirectly through a coexistence discovery and information server (CDIS). A channel may be exclusively used by a CE network. The networks may mitigate interference by avoiding use of the same channels. A channel may be shared by multiple CE networks. In co-channel sharing, the networks may mitigate interference via power management. Bidding processes may be implemented directly via competing CMs, for example via open or silent token auction. Bidding processes among competing CMs may be managed by a third party entity, for example a CDIS, for example via open or silent token auction.

Abstract: A method for managing channel selection in a dynamic spectrum management network includes receiving a spectrum allocation request; based on the source of the spectrum allocation request, checking for available channels; based on the source of the spectrum allocation request, collecting sensing and usage data for the available channels; providing the channel usage data to an entity that transmitted the spectrum allocation request.

Abstract: A method of, and system for, measuring performance of a brand comprises: receiving, from a plurality of responders, responses to a set of survey questions, the set of survey questions comprising n subsets of questions, n being an integer, each of the n subsets of survey questions being intended to measure respectively corresponding one n attributes of the brand; assigning, for each of said n attributes, a score based on responses to respective corresponding one of the n subsets of questions, wherein said n attributes comprises: a connection attribute relating to perceived quality associated with the measured brand, and a loyalty attribute relating to loyalty towards the brand.

Abstract: A rod hanger uses a spring insert clip horizontally insertable into a sheet metal housing to embrace and grip the threads of a vertical rod. The hanger has a sheet metal housing with parallel slots in opposite walls parallel to the rod. The clip has spring thread-form legs which are guided into the slots and held embracing the rod. The clip is U-shape with parallel legs which project from and snap behind one of the walls of the housing. The hanger may be in the form of a beam clamp or flange clip.

Abstract: A cable support for category 5 cable, fiber optic cable, and the like is in the form of a curved smooth saddle to support the cable in lay-in fashion. The saddle has a projecting stem with a number of fastening accommodations to receive all kinds of clamps, clips or brackets, so that one or more supports may be positioned on or suspended from anything or any surface in the utilitarian part of a building such as the area above a drop ceiling. This enables the supports to be positioned within about 120-150 cm of each other so that cable sag between support saddles does not exceed 30 cm.

Abstract: A low voltage outlet mounting plate for interior wall construction includes an apparatus to affix the plate to the face and/or side of a stud at a selected height. The plate also includes a generally rectangular wall projecting outwardly from the face of the stud the approximate thickness of the drywall or finish installation, the outwardly projecting wall surrounding a rectangular opening. A pair of bendable tabs projects from the top and bottom edges of the opening and each is adapted to be bent horizontally inwardly to a direction perpendicular to the face of the stud. A hole is provided in the each tab adapted to receive wiring conduit or a tied loose wire. In this manner, when the wall is finished the wiring or conduit is convenient to the rectangular opening for final installation of the outlet.