Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating or suppressing tobacco or nicotine usage or dependence involving administration of a therapeutically-effective amount of a cytosine-containing or cytidine-containing compound, creatine-containing compound, adenosine-containing, or adenosine-elevating compound to a mammal.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating or suppressing tobacco or nicotine usage or dependence involving administration of a therapeutically-effective amount of a cytosine-containing or cytidine-containing compound, creatine-containing compound, adenosine-containing, or adenosine-elevating compound to a mammal.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating or suppressing tobacco or nicotine usage or dependence involving administration of a therapeutically-effective amount of a cytosine-containing or cytidine-containing compound, creatine-containing compound, adenosine-containing, or adenosine-elevating compound to a mammal.

Abstract: This invention involves blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using external stimuli. Different colors of light can be used as the stimulus to assess differential BOLD response to diagnose neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, attention deficit disorder, schizophrenia, and substance abuse). In addition, very low dose administration of a drug that affects intracerebral vasculature can enhance BOLD response, facilitating detection and improving diagnostic capabilities. Using a very low dose of d-amphetamine, BOLD response to blue light is increased.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for normalizing the sleep/wake cycle of a mammal by administering a therapeutically-effective amount of a cytosine-containing or cytidine-containing compound, uridine-containing compound, creatine-containing compound, adenosine-containing, or adenosine-elevating compound. As such the methods described herein may increase wakefulness, reduce tiredness or fatigue during the day, and improve sleep quality. The methods of the invention may also be used in the treatment of sleep disorders, such as insomnia, sleep apnea, periodic limb movements, restless leg syndrome, narcolepsy, and problem sleepiness, or for increasing cognitive function in sleep deprived individuals. Citicoline is an exemplary compound for use in the methods described herein.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating or suppressing tobacco or nicotine usage or dependence involving administration of a therapeutically-effective amount of a cytosine-containing or cytidine-containing compound, creatine-containing compound, adenosine-containing, or adenosine-elevating compound to a mammal.

Abstract: This invention involves blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using external stimuli. Different colors of light can be used as the stimulus to assess differential BOLD response to diagnose neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, attention deficit disorder, schizophrenia, and substance abuse). In addition, very low dose administration of a drug that affects intracerebral vasculature can enhance BOLD response, facilitating detection and improving diagnostic capabilities. Using a very low dose of d-amphetamine, BOLD response to blue light is increased.

Abstract: Treatment for alcohol dependence or intoxication that involves administering a pharmaceutical composition containing an extract of the kudzu plant, Pueraria lobata.

Abstract: Treatment for alcohol dependence or intoxication that involves administering a pharmaceutical composition containing an extract of the kudzu plant, Pueraria lobata.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for reducing stimulant dependencies in mammals that involves administration of a therapeutically-effective amount of a cytosine-containing or cytidine-containing compound, such as CDP-choline.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for reducing stimulant dependencies in mammals that involves administration of a therapeutically-effective amount of a cytosine-containing or cytidine-containing compound, such as CDP-choline.