Abstract: An optical coherence tomography system may have a reflector system that reflects light from a light source to provide a plurality of light rays that fall within different wavelength ranges, optical componentry that directs a subset of a first beam of light including the plurality of light rays to an object to be imaged, a detector that detects the subset after reflection from the object, and signal processing componentry that processes signals from the detector to provide an optical coherence tomography image of the object. The reflector system may be configured such that the optical pathways followed by the light rays change in length at an even increment, so that the first beam of light will project wavelength groups at relatively even time increments. The optical pathways may be collinear or offset from each other. An interleaver may be used to enable detection of the first beam by multiple detectors.

Abstract: An assay apparatus having a sample vessel within which an assay may be performed. The apparatus further includes a holder having a receptacle, socket or other device configured to operatively receive the sample vessel in a precise and easily repeated location with respect to the holder. A magnet may be operatively associated with the holder such that a magnetic field generated by the magnet intersects a portion of the sample vessel defining a magnetic concentration region within the sample vessel. A separate or integrated detection or interrogation instrument, typically a spectrometer, may be provided.

Abstract: Nonlinear retention time variations in chromatography-mass spectrometry data sets are adjusted by time-alignment methods, enabling automated comparison of spectra for differential phenotyping and other applications.

Abstract: Relative quantitative information about components of chemical or biological samples can be obtained from mass spectra by normalizing the spectra to yield peak intensity values that accurately reflect concentrations of the responsible species. A normalization factor is computed from peak intensities of those inherent components whose concentration remains constant across a series of samples. Relative concentrations of a component occurring in different samples can be estimated from the normalized peak intensities. Unlike conventional methods, internal standards or additional reagents are not required. The methods are particularly useful for differential phenotyping in proteomics and metabolomics research, in which molecules varying in concentration across samples are identified. These identified species may serve as biological markers for disease or response to therapy.

Abstract: Nonlinear retention time variations in chromatography-mass spectrometry data sets are adjusted by time-alignment methods, enabling automated comparison of spectra for differential phenotyping and other applications.

Abstract: Relative quantitative information about components of chemical or biological samples can be obtained from mass spectra by normalizing the spectra to yield peak intensity values that accurately reflect concentrations of the responsible species. A normalization factor is computed from peak intensities of those inherent components whose concentration remains constant across a series of samples. Relative concentrations of a component occurring in different samples can be estimated from the normalized peak intensities. Unlike conventional methods, internal standards or additional reagents are not required. The methods are particularly useful for differential phenotyping in proteomics and metabolomics research, in which molecules varying in concentration across samples are identified. These identified species may serve as biological markers for disease or response to therapy.

Abstract: Nonlinear retention time variations in chromatography-mass spectrometry data sets are adjusted by time-alignment methods, enabling automated comparison of spectra for differential phenotyping and other applications.

Abstract: Relative quantitative information about components of chemical or biological samples can be obtained from mass spectra by normalizing the spectra to yield peak intensity values that accurately reflect concentrations of the responsible species. A normalization factor is computed from peak intensities of those inherent components whose concentration remains constant across a series of samples. Relative concentrations of a component occurring in different samples can be estimated from the normalized peak intensities. Unlike conventional methods, internal standards or additional reagents are not required. The methods are particularly useful for differential phenotyping in proteomics and metabolomics research, in which molecules varying in concentration across samples are identified. These identified species may serve as biological markers for disease or response to therapy.

Abstract: A component list extraction method improves the quality of data extracted from a series of spectra, images, or other data sets, resulting in more accurate analysis and data mining. A series of spectra, such as mass spectra, are obtained and thresholded to distinguish peaks from noise. Conventionally, all data below the noise threshold are recorded as having zero intensity, which introduces an artificial discontinuity in the data. Instead, a composite peak list is constructed containing peaks occurring in at least a minimum number of spectra, and intensity values are recorded for corresponding peak locations in all spectra, even those having intensities below the noise threshold. The resulting intensities serve as inputs to a data mining or analysis method. The method can also be used as a peak detection method to determine components characterizing a sample type or patient population. The method is particularly useful for biological marker discovery and image processing.