Abstract: An investment casting method involves producing a casting shell by applying a hardenable refractory material to a sacrificial pattern. The casting shell having a plurality of phosphate bonds in the hardenable refractory material, which provide increased structural integrity during casting and improved frangibility during shell removal. The casting shell may also have a plurality of gaseous pockets suspended in the refractory material, which do not degrade the structural integrity during casting and provide improved frangibility during shell removal.

Abstract: A prefabricated sprue assembly provides attachment to independently-produced investment casting molds to substantially reduce the need for pattern material. Installable connections between the prefabricated sprue assembly and the investment mold allow substantial reduction of scrap loss caused by errors in production of individual investment molds by culling defective molds before installation to the sprue assembly.

Abstract: A prefabricated sprue assembly provides attachment to independently-produced investment casting molds to substantially reduce the need for pattern material. Installable connections between the prefabricated sprue assembly and the investment mold allow substantial reduction of scrap loss caused by errors in production of individual investment molds by culling defective molds before installation to the sprue assembly.

Abstract: An investment casting method involves producing a casting shell by applying a hardenable refractory material to a sacrificial pattern. The casting shell having a plurality of phosphate bonds in the hardenable refractory material, which provide increased structural integrity during casting and improved frangibility during shell removal. The casting shell may also have a plurality of gaseous pockets suspended in the refractory material, which do not degrade the structural integrity during casting and provide improved frangibility during shell removal.

Abstract: An insulating construction having a multi-layer synthetic core for use in products such as sleeping bags is provided. A sleeping bag using this construction may include a synthetic core having first and second layers, an inner lining adjacent to the first layer, and an outer shell adjacent to the second layer. The synthetic core may be contained within the inner lining and outer shell. The first layer may be constructed of a first material having a first denier; and the second layer may be constructed of a second material having a second denier larger than the first denier. The inner liner may define an inner space configured to accommodate a human body. Various other products made from this construction, such as jackets, pants, and other garments, are also provided.

Abstract: An insulating construction having a multi-layer synthetic core for use in products such as sleeping bags is provided. A sleeping bag using this construction may include a synthetic core having first and second layers, an inner lining adjacent to the first layer, and an outer shell adjacent to the second layer. The synthetic core may be contained within the inner lining and outer shell. The first layer may be constructed of a first material having a first denier; and the second layer may be constructed of a second material having a second denier larger than the first denier. The inner liner may define an inner space configured to accommodate a human body. Various other products made from this construction, such as jackets, pants, and other garments, are also provided.

Abstract: A process for producing bio-diesel is described in which a consolidator in the form of a hydrocyclone is located between the processor or reactor and a separator to improve the efficiency of the overall formation of bio-diesel. The present of the consolidator in which the major constituents of the bio-diesel is in one part or in one flow both within the consolidator and the by-products are in another part of flowpath within the consolidator acts to condition the mixture from the processor so that more efficient separation can take place in the separator thereby reducing the time taken to achieve separation of the bio-diesel component from the by-product.

Abstract: A boat mounting device for fishing accessories. The device includes a boat attachment bracket and a fishing accessory bracket. The fishing accessory bracket is rotatably receivable in the boat attachment bracket in a manner permitting 360.degree. lateral rotation of the fishing accessory bracket relative to the boat attachment bracket.