Abstract: Compliant interconnect based on deformable wires compressed against contacts on chip scale packages (CSP). Including deformable rubbery overcoat on at least one of the CSP. The use of substantially optically transmitting overcoat means to secure the assembly is also disclosed. The use of various wires including but not limited to gold, silver, aluminum, carbon nanotube yarns, and composite wires also disclosed.

Abstract: An illumination system that has an output luminance (brightness) LO that is greater than the intrinsic output luminance (brightness) LI of the light emitting diodes used within the system. The system utilizes one or more light emitting diodes having highly reflective surfaces and recycles a portion of the light generated by the light emitting diodes back to the light emitting diodes in order to enhance the effective luminance. The illumination system includes a light-reflecting cavity and one or more highly reflective light emitting diodes having total surface area AS mounted inside the cavity, either on the interior surfaces of the cavity or within the cavity volume. The cavity has a light output aperture of area AO. The light emitting diodes have reflectivity RS. The exposed inside surfaces of the light-reflecting cavity have reflectivity RC. In order to achieve enhanced brightness, it is required that the area of the light output aperture AO be less than the total area AS of the light emitting diodes.

Abstract: An illumination system that has an output luminance (brightness) LO that is greater than the intrinsic output luminance (brightness) LI of the light emitting diodes used within the system. The system utilizes one or more light emitting diodes having highly reflective surfaces and recycles a portion of the light generated by the light emitting diodes back to the light emitting diodes in order to enhance the effective luminance. The illumination system includes a light-reflecting cavity and one or more highly reflective light emitting diodes having total surface area AS mounted inside the cavity, either on the interior surfaces of the cavity or within the cavity volume. The cavity has a light output aperture of area AO. The light emitting diodes have reflectivity RS. The exposed inside surfaces of the light-reflecting cavity have reflectivity RC. In order to achieve enhanced brightness, it is required that the area of the light output aperture AO be less than the total area AS of the light emitting diodes.

Abstract: The reflectivity of a substrate can be improved by combining a reflective diffuse layer with a specular layer. The light output of individual light sources can be improved by embedding them in a composite diffuse and specular substrate resulting in a superior illumination source. A tapered coupling waveguide having a large input surface can be used to couple the illumination source to a thin waveguide having a relatively small input surface area.