Abstract: A system for injecting from an injector into a duct of an engine system is provided. The system may include a first flange on a duct connection side, a second flange on an injector connection side, a stand-off separating the first flange from the second flange to form an air gap therebetween, and a seal offset from at least one of the first and the second flanges and located within the airgap and between the first flange and the second flange.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for purifying silicon using directional solidification. The apparatus can be used more than once for the directional solidification of silicon without failure. The apparatus and method of the present invention can be used to make silicon crystals for use in solar cells.

Abstract: A system for injecting from an injector into a duct of an engine system is provided. The system may include a first flange on a duct connection side, a second flange on an injector connection side, a stand-off separating the first flange from the second flange to form an air gap therebetween, and a seal offset from at least one of the first and the second flanges and located within the airgap and between the first flange and the second flange.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of purifying a material using a cascading dissolution and washing process. The dissolution and washing processes can contain single or multiple stages. Water and dissolving chemicals are recycled through the process towards the beginning of the process.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a process for obtaining silicon crystals from silicon. The method includes contacting silicon powder with a solvent metal to provide a mixture containing silicon, melting the silicon under submersion to provide a first molten liquid, contacting the first molten liquid with a first gas to provide dross and a second molten liquid, separating the dross and the second molten liquid, cooling the second molten liquid to form first silicon crystals and a first mother liquid and separating the first silicon crystals and the first mother liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to efficient furnace capacity utilization in the production of ingots. The present invention includes a crucible and use of the same. The crucible approximately matches the interior shape of the furnace in which the ingots are produced.

Abstract: A tactile input apparatus comprising ring-shaped elements configured to conform to a user's fingers, tactile capacitance sensors operably affixed to periphery of the ring-shaped elements, and a control unit, is provided. Each tactile capacitance sensor is positioned parallel to the underside of each finger and reads a change in capacitance on contacting the user's thumb or palm. The control unit, in wired or wireless electronic communication with each tactile capacitance sensor and with the user's computing device, continuously transmits capacitance readings multiple times per second to a software on the computing device. The software monitors and processes the capacitance readings from the control unit and controls output to the computing device. The software determines logic and then enacts single or multiple custom outputs. The positioning of the tactile capacitance sensors on the periphery of the ring-shaped elements prevents confinement of the user's fingers and allows mobility of the user's fingers.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a process for obtaining silicon crystals from silicon. The method includes contacting silicon powder with a solvent metal to provide a mixture containing silicon, melting the silicon under submersion to provide a first molten liquid, contacting the first molten liquid with a first gas to provide dross and a second molten liquid, separating the dross and the second molten liquid, cooling the second molten liquid to form first silicon crystals and a first mother liquid and separating the first silicon crystals and the first mother liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides for methods of purifying silicon, methods for obtaining purified silicon, as well as methods for obtaining purified silicon crystals, purified granulized silicon and/or purified silicon ingots.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of purifying a material using a metallic solvent. The present invention includes a method of purifying silicon utilizing a cascade process. In a cascade process, as the silicon moves through the purification process, it contacts increasingly pure solvent metal that is moving through the process in an opposite direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides for methods of purifying silicon, methods for obtaining purified silicon, as well as methods for obtaining purified silicon crystals, purified granulized silicon and/or purified silicon ingots.

Abstract: A method for purifying silicon wherein silicon is crystallized from a solvent metal. The method comprises the steps of providing a molten liquid containing silicon, a solvent metal and impurities, cooling the molten liquid to form first silicon crystals and a first mother liquor, separating the first silicon crystals from the first mother liquor, contacting the first silicon crystals with compound which will dissolve the first mother liquor and separating the washed crystals from the wash solution.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a process for purifying silicon by removing one or both of phosphorus and boron.

Abstract: The present invention provides for methods of purifying silicon, methods for obtaining purified silicon, as well as methods for obtaining purified silicon crystals, purified granulized silicon and/or purified silicon ingots.

Abstract: The present invention provides for methods of purifying silicon, methods for obtaining purified silicon, as well as methods for obtaining purified silicon crystals, purified granulized silicon and/or purified silicon ingots.

Abstract: A system for injecting from an injector into a duct of an engine system is provided. The system may include a first flange on a duct connection side, a second flange on an injector connection side, a stand-off separating the first flange from the second flange to form an air gap therebetween, and a seal offset from at least one of the first and the second flanges and located within the airgap and between the first flange and the second flange.

Abstract: The present invention provides for methods of purifying silicon, methods for obtaining purified silicon, as well as methods for obtaining purified silicon crystals, purified granulized silicon and/or purified silicon ingots.

Abstract: A system for injecting from an injector into a duct of an engine system is provided. The system may include a first flange on a duct connection side, a second flange on an injector connection side, a stand-off separating the first flange from the second flange to form an air gap therebetween, and a seal offset from at least one of the first and the second flanges and located within the airgap and between the first flange and the second flange.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a process for obtaining silicon crystals from silicon. The method includes contacting silicon powder with a solvent metal to provide a mixture containing silicon, melting the silicon under submersion to provide a first molten liquid, contacting the first molten liquid with a first gas to provide dross and a second molten liquid, separating the dross and the second molten liquid, cooling the second molten liquid to form first silicon crystals and a first mother liquid and separating the first silicon crystals and the first mother liquid.

Abstract: A system for producing a metal foam comprises a bath containing a molten metal, a rotating shaft or impeller extending through the base of the bath into, and submerged in the molten metal, and a gas discharge nozzle provided on the submerged end of the shaft. The opposite end of the shaft is connected to a gas supply line and the shaft is rotated with a motor. A seal is provided at the opening in the base of the bath for preventing leakage of the molten metal there-through.