Patents by Inventor Scott O. Graham
Scott O. Graham has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 7858034Abstract: A circuit for control of an output current in a multiple unit cell array includes an array of unit cells arranged in rows and columns. Each unit cell includes a column select transistor being adapted for control by a column selector and a row select transistor being adapted for control by a row selector. The column select transistor and the row select transistor are connected together in series to each other and between an output node and a first supply. A return electrode is provided to complete the circuit.Type: GrantFiled: July 10, 2007Date of Patent: December 28, 2010Assignee: Gamida For Life B.V.Inventors: Donald E. Ackley, Scott O. Graham
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Patent number: 7425308Abstract: A system useful in performing active biological reactions includes an array of unit cells arranged in rows and columns. Row lines are coupled to row contacts of unit cells of the array. A row selector is coupled to the row lines to provide a row select voltage. Column lines are coupled to column contacts of the array. A column selector is coupled to the column lines to provide more than two column voltage states on the column lines. The unit cells are coupled to a supply and to an electrode, the row select and column select voltage states provides variable current output from the electrode of the unit cell. A return electrode is coupled to a potential and adapted to contact conductive solution including charged biological materials, wherein in the presence of the conductive solution, current is provided between various unit cells and the return electrode.Type: GrantFiled: May 4, 2001Date of Patent: September 16, 2008Assignee: Nanogen, Inc.Inventors: Donald E. Ackley, Scott O. Graham
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Patent number: 7241419Abstract: A circuit for control of an output current in a multiple unit cell array includes an array of unit cells arranged in rows and columns. Each unit cell includes a column select transistor being adapted for control by a column selector and a row select transistor being adapted for control by a row selector. The column select transistor and the row select transistor are connected together in series to each other and between an output node and a first supply. A return electrode is provided to complete the circuit.Type: GrantFiled: May 4, 2001Date of Patent: July 10, 2007Assignee: Nanogen, Inc.Inventors: Donald E. Ackley, Scott O. Graham
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Patent number: 6726880Abstract: An electronic device for performing biological operations includes a support substrate and an array of microlocations disposed on the substrate. The array of microlocations include electronically addressable electrodes. A first collection electrode is disposed on the substrate and adjacent to a first side of the array of microlocations. A second collection electrode is disposed on the substrate and adjacent to a second side of the array of microlocations, the second side of the array being opposite of the first side such that the array of microlocations is disposed between the first and second collection electrodes. A flow cell is supported on the substrate. Preferably, the combined area of the collection electrodes is a substantial fraction, preferably at least 50% of the area of the footprint of the flow cell.Type: GrantFiled: June 19, 2000Date of Patent: April 27, 2004Assignee: Nanogen, Inc.Inventors: Donald E. Ackley, Paul D. Swanson, Scott O. Graham, Elizabeth L. Mather, Timothy L. LeClair, William F. Butler
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Patent number: 6331274Abstract: Devices for performing active biological operations utilize various structures to advantageously collect and provide charged biological materials to an array of microlocations. An active biological matrix device includes an array of unit cells, each unit cell including a variable current control element, a select switch, and a return electrode. The output of the select switch is preferably adapted to contact a conductive solution including charged biological materials. The return electrode is preferably connected to a second potential and adapted to contact the conductive solution. In the presence of the conductive solution, current is provided between the return electrode and the output of the select switch. The variable current control element includes a control element that is adapted to receive a first control signal via, preferably, a first column line. The select switch includes a control element that is adapted to receive a second control signal via, preferably, a first row line.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 1999Date of Patent: December 18, 2001Assignee: Nanogen, Inc.Inventors: Donald E. Ackley, Scott O. Graham
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Publication number: 20010026935Abstract: A circuit for control of an output current in a multiple unit cell array includes an array of unit cells arranged in rows and columns. Each unit cell includes a column select transistor being adapted for control by a column selector and a row select transistor being adapted for control by a row selector. The column select transistor and the row select transistor are connected together in series to each other and between an output node and a first supply. A return electrode is provided to complete the circuit.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 4, 2001Publication date: October 4, 2001Applicant: Nanogen, Inc.Inventors: Donald E. Ackley, Scott O. Graham
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Publication number: 20010026778Abstract: A system useful in performing active biological reactions includes an array of unit cells arranged in rows and columns. Row lines are coupled to row contacts of unit cells of the array. A row selector is coupled to the row lines to provide a row select voltage. Column lines are coupled to column contacts of the array. A column selector is coupled to the column lines to provide more than two column voltage states on the column lines. The unit cells are coupled to a supply and to an electrode, the row select and column select voltage states provides variable current output from the electrode of the unit cell. A return electrode is coupled to a potential and adapted to contact conductive solution including charged biological materials, wherein in the presence of the conductive solution, current is provided between various unit cells and the return electrode.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 4, 2001Publication date: October 4, 2001Applicant: Nanogen, Inc.Inventors: Donald E. Ackley, Scott O. Graham
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Patent number: 6225059Abstract: Methods of manufacture and devices for performing active biological operations utilize various structures to advantageously collect and provide charged biological materials to an array of microlocations. In one embodiment, a device includes focusing electrodes to aid in the direction and transport of materials from a collection electrode to an array. Preferably, one or more intermediate transportation electrodes are utilized, most preferably of monotonically decreasing size between the collection electrode and the array, so as to reduce current density mismatches. In another aspect, a flow cell is utilized over devices to provide containment of solution containing materials to be analyzed. Preferably, the volume of the flow cell is more advantageously interrogated through use of relatively large collection and return electrodes, such as where the area of those electrodes relative to the footprint of the flowcell is at least 40%.Type: GrantFiled: January 29, 1999Date of Patent: May 1, 2001Assignee: Nanogen, Inc.Inventors: Donald E. Ackley, Paul D. Swanson, Scott O. Graham, Elizabeth L. Mather
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Patent number: 6099803Abstract: Methods of manufacture and devices for performing active biological operations utilize various structures to advantageously collect and provide charged biological materials to an array of microlocations. In one embodiment, a device includes focusing electrodes to aid in the direction and transport of materials from a collection electrode to an array. Preferably, one or more intermediate transportation electrodes are utilized, most preferably of monotonically decreasing size between the collection electrode and the array, so as to reduce current density mismatches. In another aspect, a flow cell is utilized over devices to provide containment of solution containing materials to be analyzed. Preferably, the volume of the flow cell is more advantageously interrogated through use of relatively large collection and return electrodes, such as where the area of those electrodes relative to the footprint of the flowcell is at least 40%.Type: GrantFiled: February 20, 1998Date of Patent: August 8, 2000Assignee: Nanogen, Inc.Inventors: Donald E. Ackley, Paul D. Swanson, Scott O. Graham, Elizabeth L. Mather, Timothy L. LeClair, William F. Butler
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Patent number: 4721682Abstract: A structure for isolating a bipolar transistor (100) from an adjacent transistor includes a first silicon dioxide isolation region (110) laterally surrounding the transistor and a conductive channel stop region (112) laterally surrounding the silicon dioxide isolation region. The channel stop region allows electrical potential of the substrate (102) to be controlled and the silicon dioxide isolation region prevents the channel stop from contacting the transistor.Type: GrantFiled: September 25, 1985Date of Patent: January 26, 1988Assignee: Monolithic Memories, Inc.Inventors: Scott O. Graham, Lawrence Y. Lin, Hua T. Chua
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Patent number: 4132903Abstract: Compact, low-capacitance output circuit for charge coupled device (CCD). The circuit includes a semiconductor electrode which is doped at opposite edges thereof to form the source and drain regions, respectively, of a thin film transistor. The conduction channel of the transistor is the region of the semiconductor electrode between the source and drain regions. The gate electrode of the transistor is the region of the substrate adjacent to the conduction channel and the input signals comprise the packets of charge shifted to this substrate region by the multiple phase voltages which operate the CCD.Type: GrantFiled: May 12, 1977Date of Patent: January 2, 1979Assignee: RCA CorporationInventor: Scott O. Graham