Abstract: In some aspects, a method of carbonation control can include monitoring, via a first sensor, an environmental condition in a contactor unit, the contactor unit including a plurality of carbonation vessels including carbonation medium, monitoring, via a second sensor, an environmental condition at a location outside of the contactor unit, predicting, based on the measured environmental condition in the contactor unit and the measured environmental condition at the location outside of the contactor unit, a local humidity in a carbonation vessel from the plurality of carbonation vessels, a water content of the carbonation medium in the carbonation vessel from the plurality of carbonation vessels, and a carbonation extent of the carbonation medium in the carbonation vessel from the plurality of carbonation vessels for a carbonation forecasting period, and executing an action on the plurality of carbonation vessels based on the predicted water content and predicted carbonation extent.

Abstract: A recreational apparatus is provided having an elevated railway system with a vehicle suspended therefrom. The vehicle includes a drive mechanism that is responsive to energy input in order to advance the vehicle along the elevated railway system. The drive mechanism is capable of efficiently motivating the vehicle along straight and curved sections of the elevated railway system with minimal stress on moving parts, and minimal frictional losses.

Abstract: A recreational apparatus is provided having an elevated railway system with a vehicle suspended therefrom. The vehicle includes a drive mechanism that is responsive to energy input in order to advance the vehicle along the elevated railway system. The drive mechanism is capable of efficiently motivating the vehicle along straight and curved sections of the elevated railway system with minimal stress on moving parts, and minimal frictional losses.

Abstract: A recreational apparatus is provided having an elevated railway system with a vehicle suspended therefrom. The vehicle includes a drive mechanism that is responsive to energy input in order to advance the vehicle along the elevated railway system. The drive mechanism is capable of efficiently motivating the vehicle along straight and curved sections of the elevated railway system with minimal stress on moving parts, and minimal frictional losses.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for delivering a siRNA, dsRNA, or miRNA polynucleotide into a target cell comprising contacting the target cell with a mesenchymal stem cell, which mesenchymal stem cell comprises an exogenous DNA sequence expressing the siRNA or dsRNA polynucleotide, thereby delivering the siRNA, dsRNA, or miRNA polynucleotide to the target cell through a cellular protrusion or a microvesicle.

Abstract: A recreational apparatus is provided having an elevated railway system with a vehicle suspended therefrom. The vehicle includes a drive mechanism that is responsive to energy input in order to advance the vehicle along the elevated railway system. The drive mechanism is capable of efficiently motivating the vehicle along straight and curved sections of the elevated railway system with minimal stress on moving parts, and minimal frictional losses.

Abstract: A recreational apparatus is provided having an elevated railway system with a vehicle suspended therefrom. The vehicle includes a drive mechanism that is responsive to energy input in order to advance the vehicle along the elevated railway system. The drive mechanism is capable of efficiently motivating the vehicle along straight and curved sections of the elevated railway system with minimal stress on moving parts, and minimal frictional losses.

Abstract: A water filter including a housing, at least one cylindrical filter component disposed within the housing, an inflow pipe extending through, and parallel to a longitudinal axis of, the at least one cylindrical filter component, the inflow pipe including a series of openings arranged along the length of the inflow pipe so as to cause a cyclonic motion of the contaminated water out of the inflow pipe and into contact with the at least one cylindrical filter component, a first outflow pipe that delivers filtered water from the at least one cylindrical filter component, and a second outflow pipe that delivers contaminants from the at least one cylindrical filter component.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a method is disclosed that comprises disposing an antireflection material in juxtaposition with a top surface of a slider. In accordance with another embodiment, a method is disclosed that comprises disposing an antireflective material between a facet edge of a laser and an incident surface of a waveguide. In yet another embodiment, an apparatus is disclosed that comprises a slider and an antireflection material in juxtaposition with a top surface of the slider.

Abstract: A laser diode includes a junction surface configured to interface with an integrated optics slider. Cathode and anode electrical junctions are disposed on the junction surface. The cathode and anode electrical junctions are configured for electrical and mechanical coupling to the integrated optics slider. At least one test pad is disposed on the junction surface that is physically separate from and electrically coupled to one of the cathode and anode electrical junctions. The test pad is configured to be contacted by a test probe and is not configured for electrical or mechanical coupling to the integrated optics slider.

Abstract: A length-adjustable vertebral body balloon catheter in which the location of the balloon can now be manipulated once an access cannula has been placed in the vertebral body.

Abstract: A water filter including a housing, at least one cylindrical filter component disposed within the housing, an inflow pipe extending through, and parallel to a longitudinal axis of, the at least one cylindrical filter component, the inflow pipe including a series of openings arranged along the length of the inflow pipe so as to cause a cyclonic motion of the contaminated water out of the inflow pipe and into contact with the at least one cylindrical filter component, a first outflow pipe that delivers filtered water from the at least one cylindrical filter component, and a second outflow pipe that delivers contaminants from the at least one cylindrical filter component.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for delivering a siRNA, dsRNA, or miRNA polynucleotide into a target cell comprising contacting the target cell with a mesenchymal stem cell, which mesenchymal stem cell comprises an exogenous DNA sequence expressing the siRNA or dsRNA polynucleotide, thereby delivering the siRNA, dsRNA, or miRNA polynucleotide to the target cell through a cellular protrusion or a microvesicle.

Abstract: A recreational apparatus is provided having an elevated rail system with a carrier suspended therefrom. The carrier has a frame that is slidably coupled to the rail system by a coupling assembly. The carrier includes a pedal assembly coupled to a wheel assembly. The wheel assembly is configured such that when the pedal assembly is engaged the wheel assembly will cause the coupling assembly to advance along the elongate pathway defined by the elevated rail system.

Abstract: A flexible cleaning tool for use in wet, damp or dry cleaning is disclosed. The cleaning tool includes a handle connected to an elongated flexible support member. A cleaning pad encloses the support member. In one embodiment, the handle defines a fluid reservoir receiving cradle.

Abstract: A device for sealing a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in the heart is provided. The device includes a left atrial anchor adapted to be placed in a left atrium of the heart, a right atrial anchor adapted to be placed in a right atrium of the heart, and an elongate member adapted to extend through the passageway and connect the left and right atrial anchors. The right atrial anchor preferably includes a plurality of arms and a cover attached to the arms. The left atrial anchor preferably also includes a plurality of arms and preferably does not include a cover. Preferably, the elongate member has a first end fixedly connected to the left atrial anchor and a portion, proximal to the first end, passing through the right atrial anchor. Preferably, the elongate member is flexible.

Abstract: A device for sealing a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in the heart is provided. The device includes a left atrial anchor adapted to be placed in a left atrium of the heart, a right atrial anchor adapted to be placed in a right atrium of the heart, and an elongate member adapted to extend through the passageway and connect the left and right atrial anchors. The right atrial anchor preferably includes a plurality of arms and a cover attached to the arms. The left atrial anchor preferably also includes a plurality of arms and preferably, does not include a cover. Preferably, the elongate member has a first end fixedly connected to the left atrial anchor and a portion, proximal to the first end, passing through the right atrial anchor. Preferably, the elongate member is flexible.

Abstract: A device for sealing a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in the heart is provided. The device includes a left atrial anchor adapted to be placed in a left atrium of the heart, a right atrial anchor adapted to be placed in a right atrium of the heart, and an elongate member adapted to extend through the passageway and connect the left and right atrial anchors. The right atrial anchor preferably includes a plurality of arms and a cover attached to the arms. The left atrial anchor preferably also includes a plurality of arms and preferably-does not include-a-cover. Preferably, the elongate member has a first end fixedly connected to the left atrial anchor and a portion, proximal to the first end, passing through the right atrial anchor. Preferably, the elongate member is flexible.

Abstract: A cleaning tool 410 designed to be used with at least one cleaning implement/replaceable dusting sleeve/cleaning mitt or cleaning pad 11 is disclosed. The cleaning tool 410 includes a telescoping support 409 comprised of a plurality of telescopingly received shafts or sections (412, 413, 414, 415) wherein one of the shafts is an I-beam 415. The shafts 412, 413, 414 and 415 may be freely extended into a locked fully extended position 401 and released via depression of a first engaging projection 439. A primary support head 416 and secondary support head 418 are pivotally mounted to a forward mount 440 and releasably locked together.

Abstract: A flexible cleaning tool for use in wet, damp or dry cleaning is disclosed. The cleaning tool (222), (322) includes a handle (224) defining a fluid reservoir receiving cradle (231) pivotally connected to an elongated flexible support member (226) (326). A cleaning pad (228) (328) encloses the support rod (226) (326).