Abstract: In one embodiment, a gasification system component, such as a quench unit or scrubber may retain of pool of a cooling fluid for cooling another fluid. The gasification system component includes a flow damping mechanism designed to dampen flow of the cooling fluid, the other fluid, or both, within the gasification system component. The flow damping mechanism may be disposed in an inner chamber formed between a dip tube and a draft tube or disposed in an outer chamber formed between the walls of the gasification system component and the draft tube. The flow damping mechanism also may be disposed between the inner chamber and the outer chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of butyl ionomers or partially halogenated butyl ionomers in reducing a population of and/or preventing accumulation of organisms. The organisms may be bacteria, algae, fungi, mollusca or arthropoda. The invention also relates to coatings for shaped articles comprising the butyl ionomers.

Abstract: The disclosures described herein provide for a gasification feedstock which includes a mixture of a solid feedstock with a liquid feedstock. The solid feedstock includes a heating value of less than approximately 20 Megajoules/kilogram (MJ/kg), expressed on a wet basis. The non-aqueous liquid feedstock includes a heating value of greater than approximately 14 MJ/kg, expressed on a wet basis. The resulting feedstock is useful as a gasification fuel.

Abstract: A functional macromonomer, which is an isobutylene-rich polymer that homopolymerizes when initiated by a free-radical initiator, is described that has an acrylate moiety substituted by at least one substituent that bears a functional moiety. Methods of making functional macromonomers by ring-opening various anhydrides and methods of curing functional macromonomers are described. Cured products are halo-free thermosets that have only small amounts of initiator-derived byproducts and substantially no residual unreacted functionality, which is beneficial for chemical and physical stability.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of butyl ionomers or partially halogenated butyl ionomers in reducing a population of and/or preventing accumulation of organisms. The organisms may be bacteria, algae, fungi, mollusca or arthropoda. The invention also relates to coatings for shaped articles comprising the butyl ionomers.

Abstract: Nucleophilic substitution reactions of halogenated polymers and azoles are used to produce derivatives of polyolefins bear pendant azolium ionomers. These uncured ionomers are useful in adhesive, antimicrobial applications, as well as in polymer composites and polymer blends. Furthermore, these azolium ionomers' ion pairs can bear reactive functionality, which provides access to further reactions that were unavailable using previous technology. Advantageously, such reactive ionomer derivatives of polyolefins can be cured by free radical and moisture-curing chemistry that was unaccessible to the halogenated polymer parent material.

Abstract: Nucleophilic substitution reactions of halogenated polymers and cross-linking nucleophiles are used to produce thermoset ionomers. These cured ionomers are useful in adhesive, antimicrobial applications, as well as in polymer composites and polymer blends. Furthermore, these thermoset ionomers' ion pairs can bear reactive functionality, which provides access to further reactions that were unavailable using previous technology.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the modification of butyl elastomers, particularly halobutyl elastomers, under solvent free conditions with a phase transfer catalyst in the presence of an alkyl metal salt of an oxygen or sulfur-based nucleophile.

Abstract: A process is described for isomerizing halogenated butyl rubber from a microstructure that is predominantly exo-methylene (secondary allylic halide) to one that is predominantly endo-halomethyl (primary allylic halide). Isomerized halobutyl rubber is a halobutyl rubber that is more reactive toward a wide range of nucleophiles, thereby supporting more efficient processes for producing a variety of butyl rubber derivatives. The process includes mixing halogenated butyl rubber and a catalytic amount of metal carboxylate and optionally heating to form isomerized halogenated butyl rubber, and may be conducted in the absence or presence of solvent.

Abstract: A polymer is described that is stable in the presence of a free-radical initiator, but which cures when subjected to a small amount of free-radical initiator when in the presence of a co-agent. The polymer's main chain comprises polymerized olefin monomers, isobutylene-co-isoprene, or isobutylene-co-methylstyrene. The polymer's side chains comprise a functionality that crosslinks when subjected to a free-radical initiator in the presence of a co-agent. Suitable co-agents include bis-maleimide. Methods for preparing and for crosslinking such polymers are described. Cured product is halo-free and has low odour.

Abstract: Halide displacement from brominated polyisobutylene-co-isoprene) (MIR) under homogeneous and phase-transfer catalyzed reaction conditions is used to prepare acrylate, styrenic and maleimide functionalized elastomers in high yield. These macro-monomer derivatives cross-link efficiently under peroxide initiation to give high modulus, thermoset products that cannot otherwise be accessed from isobutylene-rich elastomers. The extent of cure scales with content of activated C?C, and can extended by co-oligomerization of pendant unsaturation with that contained within multi-functional co-agents.

Abstract: Nucleophilic substitution reactions of halogenated elastomers and latent curatives are used to produce thermoset derivatives that are easily mixed at conventional compounding temperatures, but cure rapidly at conventional cure temperatures.

Abstract: Mixtures of halogenated elastomers and latent curatives are provided that cure when subjected to sufficient heat to decompose the latent curative. Decomposition products include CO2 and N-nucleophiles, which participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions leading to crosslinking of the elastomers. Transparent thermoset products that were free of voids were produced.

Abstract: Disclosed are propylene-based polymers with improved melt strength, improved strain hardening characteristics and processes for producing the same. The processes include reacting a polyamine with a maleic anhydride-grafted-propylene-based polymer. The processes produce a rheology-modified propylene-based polymer with long chain branching by forming a polyimide linkage which couples polymer chains of the propylene-based polymer. The polyimide-coupled propylene-based polymer exhibits improved melt strength and improved strain hardening characteristics.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides propylene-based polymers which exhibit a strain hardening distribution factor that is less than zero and/or a strain hardening factor greater than 1.5. The propylene-based polymers are rheology-modified by way of silane coupling to improve melt strength.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a gasification system component, such as a quench unit or scrubber may retain of pool of a cooling fluid for cooling another fluid. The gasification system component includes a flow damping mechanism designed to dampen flow of the cooling fluid, the other fluid, or both, within the gasification system component. The flow damping mechanism may be disposed in an inner chamber formed between a dip tube and a draft tube or disposed in an outer chamber formed between the walls of the gasification system component and the draft tube. The flow damping mechanism also may be disposed between the inner chamber and the outer chamber.

Abstract: A process for preparing a functionalised polyolefin is described. The process comprises the step of reacting: (i) a polyolefin, (ii) a compound containing a functional group, and (iii) a coagent compound having Formula I: Xn—Y—Zm??(I) wherein: Y is a core moiety; Z is a moiety containing a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond; X is a moiety different than Z and the bond between X and Y may be a single bond or a double bond; n is a whole number greater than or equal to 0; m is a whole number greater than or equal to 2; and m+n equals a number up to the valence of Y; wherein: (a) when m is 2 and n is 0, the process comprises initially reacting the polyolefin and the coagent to form a product that is then reacted with the compound containing the functional group, and (b) the compound containing a functional group is substantially inert in free radical-mediated polymerization reactions and in free radical-mediated grafting reactions.

Abstract: Preparation of butyl rubber based graft co-polymers from halobutyl elastomers using phase transfer catalysts in the presence of a solution of an alkali metal salt of an oxygen or sulfur nucleophile that is bound to a polymeric substrate. Graft co-polymers can be produced of a butyl polymer (isobutene-co-isoprene) and polymeric substrates such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polysilanes, polysiloxanes, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polyphosphazenes, polyferrocenes or their hybrids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the modification of butyl elastomers, particularly halobutyl elastomers, under solvent free conditions with a phase transfer catalyst in the presence of an alkyl metal salt of an oxygen or sulfur-based nucleophile.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a grafted liquid polymer comprising a polymer of a C4 to C7 monoolefin monomer and a C4 to C14 multiolefin monomer, a grafting material and a free radical initiator and to a process for the preparation of the grafted liquid polymer. More specifically, a liquid maleated butyl rubber composition is disclosed. The present invention also relates to grafted liquid polymer compositions which are curable in the presence of multifunctional amines. The compositions of the invention are used in a variety of applications, including injection molded fuel cells gaskets, adhesives, sealants or as polyurethane substrates.