Abstract: A crucible for heating material to be deposited on a target substrate includes a body configured to contain source material, a base formed at a first end of the body, and an emitting orifice formed at a second end of the body. The crucible further includes at least one intermediate orifice arranged and configured such that the heated source material passes through the intermediate orifice and impacts at least once upon the inner surface of the crucible body before passing through the emitting orifice.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method to build programs from activity function units (AFUs) within a graphical environment. Each AFU is made from graphical representations of functional units (FUs). The resulting AFUs can be locked so that users cannot view proprietary and trade secret information as to how they accomplish their tasks. AFUs can be combined with other FUs and previously-created code represented in FU form to build large complex programs which are modified and added to by the user by means of manipulation of graphical elements on the computer screen without disclosing underlying coding.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method to build activity sequenced engine programs from activity function units (AFUs) within a graphical environment. Each AFU is comprised of a set of graphical representations of functional units (FUs). AFUs can be combined with other FUs and previously-created code represented in FU form to build large complex programs which present the same functionality as iterative systems but are easily modified and added to by the user.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method to build programs from activity functional units (AFUs) within a graphical environment. AFUs are comprised of a set of graphically-represented functional units (FUs). The resulting AFUs can be combined with other FUs and previously-created code represented in FU graphical form to build large complex programs which are easily modified and added to by the user by means of manipulation of graphical elements on the computer screen.

Abstract: This invention is a sublimating and cracking apparatus for producing a beam of molecules to be deposited on a substrate, and an apparatus which is particularly useful with phosphorus as the source material. In the phosphorus effusion cell of this invention, a vacuum jacket encloses and supports a red phosphorus crucible, a condensing crucible for white phosphorus and a connecting tube within a vacuum space. In use, red phosphorus is first transformed and deposited as white phosphorus in the condensing chamber. The white phosphorus is then directed to a cracker section where it is cracked and subsequently directed to the substrate.