Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods of use comprising peptides that bind to ion channels. Such peptides can function as active agents that target ion channels to inhibit or activate ion channels in a target tissue or cell type. In some embodiments, such peptides can be conjugated to another active agent or a detectable label.

Abstract: Peptides that are stable to denaturation and degradation by reducing agents, proteases, temperature, and low pH environments are disclosed. Pharmaceutical compositions and uses for peptides, peptide-active agent conjugates, and peptide-detectable agent conjugates comprising such peptides are also disclosed. Peptide compositions, peptide conjugate compositions, and pharmaceutical compositions can be formulated for various routes of delivery, such as oral delivery, and for deliver to various compartments of the body. Peptides of this disclosure are stable and display enhanced pharmacokinetics after such delivery.