Abstract: A LED lamp has a non-optically transmissive base connected to an optically transmissive enclosure. A LED assembly emits light when energized through an electrical path from the base. A portion of the heat sink and lamp electronics extend from the base and into the enclosure such that at least an upper portion of the heat sink extends into the interior volume defined by the enclosure. The LED assembly is supported on top of the heat sink such that the LEDs are disposed in the volume of the enclosure. An optic element extends over the LEDs and at least the portion of the heat sink. The size of the non-optically transmissive base of the lamp is reduced relative to the optically transmissive enclosure such that a greater ratio of optically transmissive view space to non-optically transmissive base is provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a lighting fixture that is configured to transfer heat that is generated by a light source and any associated electronics toward the front of the lighting fixture. The lighting fixture includes a heat spreading cup that is formed from a material that efficiently conducts heat and a light source that is coupled inside the heat spreading cup. The heat spreading cup has a bottom panel, a rim, and at least one sidewall extending between the bottom panel and the rim. The light source is coupled inside the heat spreading cup to the bottom panel and configured to emit light in a forward direction through an opening formed by the rim. Heat generated by the light source during operation is transferred radially outward along the bottom panel and in a forward direction along the at least one sidewall toward the rim of the heat spreading cup.

Abstract: A LED lamp has a non-optically transmissive base connected to an optically transmissive enclosure. A LED assembly emits light when energized through an electrical path from the base. A portion of the heat sink and lamp electronics extend from the base and into the enclosure such that at least an upper portion of the heat sink extends into the interior volume defined by the enclosure. The LED assembly is supported on top of the heat sink such that the LEDs are disposed in the volume of the enclosure. An optic element extends over the LEDs and at least the portion of the heat sink. The size of the non-optically transmissive base of the lamp is reduced relative to the optically transmissive enclosure such that a greater ratio of optically transmissive view space to non-optically transmissive base is provided.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus is fabricated by measuring light output of a semiconductor light emitting device, and selectively applying luminous material to the light emitting device based on the measured output of the light emitting device. An amount of luminous material, different compositions of luminous material and/or different doping levels of luminous material may be selectively applied based on the measured output of the light emitting device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a lighting fixture that is configured to transfer heat that is generated by a light source and any associated electronics toward the front of the lighting fixture. The lighting fixture includes a heat spreading cup that is formed from a material that efficiently conducts heat and a light source that is coupled inside the heat spreading cup. The heat spreading cup has a bottom panel, a rim, and at least one sidewall extending between the bottom panel and the rim. The light source is coupled inside the heat spreading cup to the bottom panel and configured to emit light in a forward direction through an opening formed by the rim. Heat generated by the light source during operation is transferred radially outward along the bottom panel and in a forward direction along the at least one sidewall toward the rim of the heat spreading cup.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus is fabricated by measuring light output of a semiconductor light emitting device, and selectively applying luminous material to the light emitting device based on the measured output of the light emitting device. An amount of luminous material, different compositions of luminous material and/or different doping levels of luminous material may be selectively applied based on the measured output of the light emitting device.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus is provided that includes a light emitting device and luminous material thereon. Light output of the light emitting apparatus is measured. Some of the luminous material is selectively removed from the light emitting device based on the output of the light emitting apparatus that was measured, so that luminous material that remains on the light emitting device after the selective removing continues to be optically excited by light that is generated by the light emitting device. In measuring, a frequency spectrum of the light emitting apparatus may be measured, and the light emitting apparatus may emit white light after the selectively removing.

Abstract: Broad spectrum light emitting devices and methods and systems for fabricating such devices are provide. Such devices may include a light emitting element, such as a diode or laser, which emits light in a predefined range of frequencies, and luminous material on the light emitting diode. The characteristics of the luminous material, such as the amount, composition and/or doping of the luminous material or materials may be based on measured light output of the light emitting device, such as the measured output frequency and/or power of the light emitting device.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions for use in minimizing injector fouling, such as in fuel injectors, and preventing deposits in valves, such as intake valves, comprising (a) a Mannich detergent and (b) a succinimide that comprises a reaction product of (i) an alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride having an average molecular weight of about 250 to about 3000 and (ii) an amine-containing polyalkylene polymer having an average molecular weight of about 100 to about 750, wherein the alkenyl-substituted succinic anhydride and the amine-containing polyalkylene polymer are present in the reaction at a molar ratio of about 2.0:1.0 to about 1.0:1.3.

Abstract: A fuel lubricity additive is disclosed comprising an imidazoline. The fuel lubricity additive may be prepared by reacting an optionally substituted organic acid with an optionally substituted polyamine. Fuel compositions are also disclosed, comprising a fuel and the fuel lubricity additive. Processes for reducing wear in an engine, for example an internal combustion engine, using the fuel lubricity additive are disclosed.

Abstract: The present teachings are directed toward a lubricity additive for fuel compositions that is a mixture of an amine having at least one alicyclic group and a monocarboxylic acid having up to 22 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Injector deposits in a direct injection gasoline engine are reduced by providing as fuel for the operation of said direct injection engine a fuel composition comprising a fuel-soluble compound having the formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are independently C1-4 alkyl, R3 is a radical of the formula CmH2m wherein m is an integer of 2 to 6, R4 and R5 are each independently (i) hydrogen (ii) C1-4alkyl, wherein R6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-4 alkyls and R7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-30 alkyl, (iv) wherein R8 is a saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic, C7-23 hydrocarbyl group or (v) wherein R4 and R5 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a cyclic ring in which further hetero atoms.

Abstract: An emissions control system for the after treatment of a fuel combustion process exhaust stream includes an exhaust passageway. The exhaust passageway allows for passage of an exhaust stream containing exhaust byproducts from the combustion of a fuel that includes a manganese compound. The exhaust stream includes a manganese compound which complexes with at least one of the exhaust byproducts.

Abstract: A method is disclosed that improves the operation of fuel combustion systems utilizing particulate filters. The method includes the combustion of a fuel emulsion in a fuel combustion system having a particulate filter. The fuel emulsion may comprise water and a fuel with the emulsion including a metal-containing compound, such as, for example, a manganese-containing compound.

Abstract: A reduction in the formation or presence of peroxides in middle distillate fuels is obtained through the combination of a hydrocarbon additive with the fuel. Specifically, the middle distillate fuel is blended with one or more oxygenates. The hydrocarbon additive includes a polar function group and a tertiary hydrogen beta to the functional group. Middle distillate fuels incorporating the additive, the additive itself, and methods using the additive all retard the formation of or reduce the presence of peroxides in the fuel. The reduction of peroxides improves the durability of fuels systems elastomers, enhances fuel stability and color durability, and reduces the formation of fuel sediment.

Abstract: A reduction in the formation and presence of peroxides in low sulfur diesel fuels is obtained through the combination of those fuels with an organic nitrate combustion improver. The reduction in the amount of peroxides means that the fuel system elastomers will be more durable, as they are not being corroded by as much peroxide formed in the fuel, fuel color durability is improved, fuel stability is enhanced, and fuel sediments are reduced.

Abstract: A combustion additive is used for protecting and improving the operation of diesel fuel combustion systems. The additive contains one or more iron-containing compounds. The additive can be added to the fuel prior to introduction into a combustion chamber or to the exhaust after the combustion chamber. The additive will then enhance the operation of diesel fuel combustions systems by improving, for example, exhaust aftertreatment performance.

Abstract: Powered platforms for various kinds are each characterized by a corresponding measure of fuel economy. Fuel economy credits are provided to a party who contributes a material that effects an improvement in such fuel consumption for a given powered platform. In a preferred embodiment, such fuel economy credits can be traded. When acquired from another party, such credits can be used to offset fuel economy performance shortfalls. The “material” can comprise any of a wide variety of substances, components, assemblies, design specifications, control strategies (including enabling software), and so forth. The powered platforms can include stationary powered platforms or mobile powered platforms.