Abstract: The embodiments provide compounds of the general Formulae I through general Formula VIII, as well as compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, comprising a subject compound. The embodiments further provide treatment methods, including methods of treating a hepatitis C virus infection and methods of treating liver fibrosis, the methods generally involving administering to an individual in need thereof an effective amount of a subject compound or composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for treating a flavivirus infection, including hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, in an individual suffering from a flavivirus infection. In some embodiments, the methods involve administering to an individual in need thereof an effective amount of an agent that inhibits enzymatic activity of a membrane-bound ?-glucosidase inhibitor. In other embodiments, the methods involve administering to an individual in need thereof effective amounts of an ?-glucosidase inhibitor and at least one additional therapeutic agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of modulating a stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) system with an active compound, wherein the active compound exhibits low potency for inhibition of at least one p38 MAPK; and wherein the contacting is conducted at a SAPK-modulating concentration that is at a low percentage inhibitory concentration for inhibition of the at least one p38 MAPK by the compound. Also disclosed are derivatives of pirfenidone. These derivatives can modulate a stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) system.

Abstract: The present invention provides synthetic Type I interferon receptor polypeptide agonists comprising consensus or hybrid Type I interferon receptor polypeptide agonists, containing one or more native or non-native glycosylation sites. The present invention provides synthetic Type I interferon receptor polypeptide agonists comprising consensus or hybrid Type I interferon receptor polypeptide agonists, containing one or more native or non-native glycosylation sites, as well as erythropoietin and darbepoetin alfa, each of which are linked to a penetrating peptide that facilitates translocation of a substance across a biological barrier as well as pharmaceutical compositions, including oral formulations, of the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides synthetic Type I interferon receptor polypeptide agonists comprising consensus or hybrid Type I interferon receptor polypeptide agonists, containing one or more native or non-native glycosylation sites. The present invention further provides oral formulations of protease-resistant or protease-resistant, hyperglycosylated polypeptide variants, which polypeptide variants lack at least one protease cleavage site found in a parent polypeptide, and thus exhibit increased protease resistance compared to the parent polypeptide, which polypeptide variants further include (1) a carbohydrate moiety covalently linked to at least one non-native glycosylation site not found in the parent protein therapeutic or (2) a carbohydrate moiety covalently linked to at least one native glycosylation site found but not glycosylated in the parent protein therapeutic.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, comprising IFN-? and IFN-?. The present invention further provides methods of treating various disorders, the methods comprising administering an effective amount of a subject composition.

Abstract: Nucleic acid sensor molecules (allozymes, allosteric ribozymes, allosteric DNAzymes), aptamers and methods are provided for the detection and quantitation of infectious prion proteins (PrP-Sc), prion associated proteins and peptides (prionin, Protein X) and antibodies thereof, which are indicative of transmissible spongioform encephalopathies (TSEs). Also provided are kits for detection. The nucleic acid sensor molecules, methods and kits provided herein can be used in diagnositic applications for detecting proteins and antibodies associated with animal TSEs such as scrapie in sheep and goats, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in mule deer and elk, transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) in mink, feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) in cats, and human TSE related conditions, including Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD); Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Syndrome (GSS); Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI); Alper's Syndrome, and Kuru.

Abstract: Methods and reagents for detecting proteins without the need for purified protein are disclosed. These methods can be used with a variety of protein detection technologies, including nucleic acid sensor molecules, aptamers, antibodies, combinatorial peptides and combinatorial proteins.

Abstract: Nucleic acid sensor molecules and methods are provided for the detection and amplification of signaling agents using enzymatic nucleic acid constructs, including Halfzymes, multicomponent nucleic acid sensor molecules, hammerhead enzymatic nucleic acid molecules, inozymes, G-cleaver enzymatic nucleic acid molecules, zinzymes, amberzymes and DNAzymes. Also provided are kits for detection and amplification. The nucleic acid sensor molecules, methods and kits provided herein can be used in diagnostics, nucleic acid circuits, nucleic acid computers, therapeutics, target validation, target discovery, drug optimization, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) scoring, and proteome scoring as well as other uses described herein.

Abstract: Nucleic acid sensor molecules (allozymes, allosteric ribozymes, allosteric DNAzymes), aptamers and methods are provided for the detection and quantitation of small molecules, including drugs, drug analogs, and drug metabolites, for example recreational drugs, mood-altering drugs, and performance enhancing drugs such as 4-MTA (4-methylthioamphetamine), Alpha-ethyltryptamine, Amphetamine, Amyl nitrite, Benzocaine, Cocaine, Dimethyltryptamine, Ecstasy (MDA, MDMA, MDEA), Ephedrine, Erythropoietine (Epogen), Fentanyl, Gamma Hydroxybutyrate (GHB), GBL (Gamma butyrolactone), GHB (Gamma Hydroxybutyrate), Hashish, Heroin, Isobutyl nitrite, Ketamine, Lidocaine, LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide), Mannitol, Marijuana (THC), Mescaline, Methadone, Methamphetamine, Methaqualone, Methcathinone, Methylphenidate (ritalin), Morphine, Nexus (2CB), Nicotine, Opium, Oxycodone, OxyContin, PCP (phencyclidine), Peyote, Phenobarbital, Procaine, Psilocybin, Psilocybin/psilocin, Pseudoephedrine, Rohypnol, Scopolamine, Steroids, Strychnin

Abstract: Nucleic acid sensor molecules and methods are provided for the detection and amplification of signaling agents using enzymatic nucleic acid constructs, including hammerhead enzymatic nucleic acid molecules, inozymes, G-cleaver enzymatic nucleic acid molecules, zinzymes, amberzymes and DNAzymes. Also provided are kits for detection and amplification. The nucleic acid sensor molecules, methods and kits provided herein can be used in diagnostics, nucleic acid circuits, nucleic acid computers, therapeutics, target validation, target discovery, drug optimization, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) scoring, and proteome scoring as well as other uses described herein.

Abstract: Nucleic acid sensor molecules and methods are disclosed for the detection and amplification of signaling agents using enzymatic nucleic acid constructs, including hammerhead enzymatic nucleic acid molecules, inozymes, G-cleaver enzymatic nucleic acid molecules, zinzymes, amberzymes and DNAzymes; kits for detection and amplification; use in diagnostics, nucleic acid circuits, nucleic acid computers, therapeutics, target validation, target discovery, drug optimization, SNP detection, SNP scoring, proteome scoring and other uses are disclosed.

Abstract: Nucleic acid sensor molecules and methods are disclosed for the detection and amplification of signaling agents using enzymatic nucleic acid constructs, including hammerhead enzymatic nucleic acid molecules, inozymes, G-cleaver enzymatic nucleic acid molecules, zinzymes, amberzymes and DNAzymes; kits for detection and amplification; use in diagnostics, nucleic acid circuits, nucleic acid computers, therapeutics, target validation, target discovery, drug optimization, SNP detection, SNP scoring, proteome scoring and other uses are disclosed.