Abstract: Risk prediction models are trained and deployed to analyze images, such as computed tomography scans, for predicting risk of lung cancer (e.g., current or future risk of lung cancer) for one or more subjects. Individual risk prediction models are trained on nodule-specific and non-nodule specific features, including longitudinal nodule specific and longitudinal non-nodule specific features, such that each risk prediction model can predict risk of lung cancer across different time horizons. Such risk prediction models are useful for developing preventive therapies for lung cancer by enabling clinical trial enrichment.

Abstract: A method to produce olefins may include supplying a hydrocarbon feed to an outer tube of a thermal energy recovery assembly; heating the hydrocarbon feed in the outer tube of the thermal energy recovery assembly to output a preheated hydrocarbon feed; supplying the preheated hydrocarbon feed to an electrically powered cracking furnace comprising a reaction zone to heat the preheated hydrocarbon feed; cracking the preheated hydrocarbon feed in the reaction zone of the electrically heated cracking furnace using heat generated by electricity to output hot reactor effluent comprising cracked hydrocarbons and olefins; supplying the hot reactor effluent to an inner tube of the thermal energy recovery assembly; and cooling the hot reactor effluent in the inner tube of the thermal energy recovery assembly by transferring heat to the hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the technology described herein dynamically determine at least one target LM skill to use to generate an output for an initial prompt without the need for the target LM skill to be included in the original prompt. Embodiments of the technology described herein perform this determination via an intermediate LM skill layer that implements an orchestration loop in a computationally efficient manner that reduces effects of hallucination by identifying one or more target LM skills based on each task identified in the initial prompt. Embodiments of the intermediate LM skill layer are separate from the user device and the LLM. For example, the intermediate LM skill layer is positioned between an LLM abstraction layer and an application layer by which a user can interface with the intermediate LM skill layer.

Abstract: A chemical synthesis plant comprising: one or more reactors configured for producing, from one or more reactants, a process stream comprising at least one chemical product; a feed preparation system configured to prepare one or more feed streams comprising one or more of the one or more reactants for introduction into the one or more reactors; and/or a product purification system configured to separate the at least one chemical product from reaction byproducts, unreacted reactants, or a combination thereof within the process stream, wherein the chemical synthesis plant is configured such that a majority of the net energy needed for heating, cooling, compressing, or a combination thereof utilized via the one or more reactors, the feed preparation system, the product purification system, or a combination thereof is provided from a non-carbon based energy source, from a renewable energy source, and/or from electricity.

Abstract: An olefin synthesis plant comprising: a feed pretreatment section configured to pretreat a feed stream; a pyrolysis section comprising one or more pyrolysis reactors configured to crack hydrocarbons in the feed stream in the presence of a diluent to produce a cracked gas stream; a primary fractionation and compression section configured to provide heat recovery from and quenching of the cracked gas stream; remove a component from the cracked gas stream; and compress the cracked gas stream, thus providing a compressed cracked gas stream; and/or a product separation section configured to separate a product olefin stream from the compressed cracked gas stream, wherein the olefin synthesis plant is configured such that, relative to a conventional olefin synthesis plant, more of the energy and/or the net energy required by the olefin synthesis plant and/or one or more sections thereof, is provided by a non-carbon based and/or renewable energy source and/or electricity.

Abstract: A chemical synthesis plant comprising: one or more reactors configured for producing, from one or more reactants, a process stream comprising at least one chemical product; a feed preparation system configured to prepare one or more feed streams comprising one or more of the one or more reactants for introduction into the one or more reactors; and/or a product purification system configured to separate the at least one chemical product from reaction byproducts, unreacted reactants, or a combination thereof within the process stream, wherein the chemical synthesis plant is configured such that a majority of the net energy needed for heating, cooling, compressing, or a combination thereof utilized via the one or more reactors, the feed preparation system, the product purification system, or a combination thereof is provided from a noncarbon based energy source, from a renewable energy source, and/or from electricity.

Abstract: A methanol synthesis plant comprising: a feed pretreating section operable to pretreat a feed stream; a synthesis gas (syngas) generation section comprising one or more reactors operable to produce a syngas synthesis product stream comprising synthesis gas from the feed stream; a methanol synthesis section comprising one or more methanol synthesis reactors operable to produce a synthesis product comprising methanol; and/or a methanol purification section operable to remove at least one component from the synthesis product to provide a purified methanol product; wherein the methanol synthesis plant is configured such that, relative to a conventional methanol synthesis plant, more of the net energy required by the methanol synthesis plant, the feed pretreating section, the syngas generation section, the methanol synthesis section, the methanol purification section, or a combination thereof, is provided by a non-carbon based energy source, a renewable energy source, and/or electricity.

Abstract: An olefin synthesis plant comprising: a feed pretreatment section configured to pretreat a feed stream; a pyrolysis section comprising one or more pyrolysis reactors configured to crack hydrocarbons in the feed stream in the presence of a diluent to produce a cracked gas stream; a primary fractionation and compression section configured to provide heat recovery from and quenching of the cracked gas stream; remove a component from the cracked gas stream; and compress the cracked gas stream, thus providing a compressed cracked gas stream; and/or a product separation section configured to separate a product olefin stream from the compressed cracked gas stream, wherein the olefin synthesis plant is configured such that, relative to a conventional olefin synthesis plant, more of the energy and/or the net energy required by the olefin synthesis plant and/or one or more sections thereof, is provided by a non-carbon based and/or renewable energy source and/or electricity.

Abstract: An electrically powered furnace and related methods may include an electrically powered furnace having an output of at least one megawatt with a control system; a furnace housing comprising one or more housing walls at least partially defining an interior volume; a plurality of heating zones within the interior volume; and a plurality of heated tubes extending in the interior volume. A method may include providing the feed to the electrically powered furnace; and algorithmically adjusting the output of the one or more heating elements for each of the plurality of heating zones to heat the feed to a desired temperature while maintaining temperatures of the one or more heating elements within predetermined parameters.

Abstract: An electrically powered furnace may include a furnace housing and heating elements extending in the furnace housing. The furnace also may include heating tubes extending in the interior volume, and each of the heating tubes may define an interior passage positioned to receive and heat the feed as the feed passes through the interior passage. The heating tubes may be positioned in the furnace housing to receive heat radiated from the heating elements, and the heating tubes may be arranged in one or more of at least two rows or at least two columns and such that each of the heating tubes is substantially equidistant from three or more of the heating elements. A method may include supplying a feed to the heating tubes, heating the heating tubes via the heating elements, and heating the feed via as the feed passes through the heating tubes.

Abstract: A methanol synthesis plant comprising: a feed pretreating section operable to pretreat a feed stream; a synthesis gas (syngas) generation section comprising one or more reactors operable to produce a syngas synthesis product stream comprising synthesis gas from the feed stream; a methanol synthesis section comprising one or more methanol synthesis reactors operable to produce a synthesis product comprising methanol; and/or a methanol purification section operable to remove at least one component from the synthesis product to provide a purified methanol product; wherein the methanol synthesis plant is configured such that, relative to a conventional methanol synthesis plant, more of the net energy required by the methanol synthesis plant, the feed pretreating section, the syngas generation section, the methanol synthesis section, the methanol purification section, or a combination thereof, is provided by a non-carbon based energy source, a renewable energy source, and/or electricity.

Abstract: A method for carrying out a chemical reaction includes using a reactor arrangement in which reaction tubes arranged in a reactor vessel are heated to a reaction tube temperature level between 400° C. and 1,500° C. during a reaction period using radiant heat provided by means of one or more electric heating elements arranged in the reactor vessel. In at least a part of the reactor vessel in which the heating elements are provided, a gas atmosphere is provided during the reaction period, which gas atmosphere has a defined volume fraction of oxygen.

Abstract: Risk prediction models are trained and deployed to analyze images, such as computed tomography scans, for predicting future risk of lung cancer for one or more subjects. Individual risk prediction models are separately trained on nodule-specific and non-nodule specific features such that each risk prediction model can predict future risk of lung cancer across different time periods (e.g., 1 year, 3 years, or 5 years). Such risk prediction models are useful for developing preventive therapies for lung cancer by enabling clinical trial enrichment.

Abstract: Risk prediction models are trained and deployed to analyze images, such as computed tomography scans, for predicting future risk of lung cancer for one or more subjects. Individual risk prediction models are separately trained on nodule-specific and non-nodule specific features such that each risk prediction model can predict future risk of lung cancer across different time periods (e.g., 1 year, 3 years, or 5 years). Such risk prediction models are useful for developing preventive therapies for lung cancer by enabling clinical trial enrichment.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for determining a subject level risk of metastatic cancer involving the training and/or deployment of models to determine 1) a lymph node level risk of individual lymph node involvement and/or 2) a subject level risk of lymph node involvement. Thus, the methods can identify patients who are high or low risk for having nodal disease and optionally enable the guided intervention of cancer patients, for example, via treatment.

Abstract: Risk prediction models are trained and deployed to analyze images, such as computed tomography scans, for predicting future risk of lung cancer for one or more subjects. Individual risk prediction models are separately trained on nodule-specific and non-nodule specific features such that each risk prediction model can predict future risk of lung cancer across different time periods (e.g., 1 year, 3 years, or 5 years). Such risk prediction models are useful for developing preventive therapies for lung cancer by enabling clinical trial enrichment.

Abstract: Risk prediction models are trained and deployed to analyze images, such as computed tomography scans, for predicting future risk of lung cancer for one or more subjects. Individual risk prediction models are separately trained on nodule-specific and non-nodule specific features such that each risk prediction model can predict future risk of lung cancer across different time periods (e.g., 1 year, 3 years, or 5 years). Such risk prediction models are useful for developing preventive therapies for lung cancer by enabling clinical trial enrichment.

Abstract: A process for producing methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) comprising introducing a butane feed stream (n-butane, i-butane) and hydrogen to a hydrogenolysis reactor comprising a hydrogenolysis catalyst to produce a hydrogenolysis product stream comprising hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, i-butane, and optionally n-butane; separating the hydrogenolysis product stream into a first hydrogen-containing stream, an optional methane stream, a C2 to C3 gas stream (ethane, propane), and a butane stream (i-butane, optionally n-butane); feeding the butane stream to a dehydrogenation reactor to produce a dehydrogenation product stream, wherein the dehydrogenation reactor comprises a dehydrogenation catalyst, and wherein the dehydrogenation product stream comprises hydrogen, i-butane, and isobutylene; and feeding the dehydrogenation product stream and methanol to an etherification unit to produce an unreacted methanol stream, an unreacted isobutylene stream, and an MTBE stream.

Abstract: Risk prediction models are trained and deployed to analyze images, such as computed tomography scans, for predicting risk of lung cancer (e.g., current or future risk of lung cancer) for one or more subjects. Individual risk prediction models are trained on nodule-specific and non-nodule specific features, including longitudinal nodule specific and longitudinal non-nodule specific features, such that each risk prediction model can predict risk of lung cancer across different time horizons. Such risk prediction models are useful for developing preventive therapies for lung cancer by enabling clinical trial enrichment.

Abstract: An olefin synthesis plant comprising: a feed pretreatment section configured to pretreat a feed stream; a pyrolysis section comprising one or more pyrolysis reactors configured to crack hydrocarbons in the feed stream in the presence of a diluent to produce a cracked gas stream; a primary fractionation and compression section configured to provide heat recovery from and quenching of the cracked gas stream; remove a component from the cracked gas stream; and compress the cracked gas stream, thus providing a compressed cracked gas stream; and/or a product separation section configured to separate a product olefin stream from the compressed cracked gas stream, wherein the olefin synthesis plant is configured such that, relative to a conventional olefin synthesis plant, more of the energy and/or the net energy required by the olefin synthesis plant and/or one or more sections thereof, is provided by a non-carbon based and/or renewable energy source and/or electricity.