Abstract: A facility for snapshot space accounting for a storage system, such as a filesystem is disclosed. The facility enables users to quickly and easily determine the amount of storage space that would be released or recovered if a snapshot were to be purged. The facility may work in conjunction with, or as part of, a snapshot service. The facility maintains an expiration data structure and a count data structure and uses these data structures in implementing the disclosed snapshot space accounting techniques. The expiration data structure represents the life cycle of each snapshot element maintained by the facility while the count data structure represents, for pairs of snapshots, the size of the information stored in the snapshot data that expired and that spans the corresponding pair of snapshots.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to managing data in a file system. An object from the file system that has parent objects may be provided. A snapshot in a current epoch may be generated such that the first snapshot may be based on the object and descendants of the object. A coverage set may be provided for the object that references the snapshot and also references each other snapshot that includes the parent objects. Read-only access to a version of the object may be provided based on a correspondence of the version and a snapshot referenced by the coverage set of the object. A coverage engine compares the update to a coverage update epoch (cue) associated with the parent objects. The coverage engine updates coverage sets of the parent objects based on grandparents of the object.

Abstract: Provided are methods and systems for remediating toxins present in feedstock that are used in processes to produce ethanol and other products.

Abstract: Methods and systems for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass are disclosed. An acid solution between 1% to 1.6% sulfuric acid is applied to the biomass. The biomass is subjected to an elevated temperature to cause the production of xylose, glucose, and furfural. Adjustments to temperature, acid concentration, and time can generate at least 80% or 90% of theoretical xylose, 45% or 50% of the theoretical glucose, and less than 4000 ppm of furfural in the xylose liquor. A portion of the resulting xylose liquor may be separated from the glucan solids. The xylose liquor, still highly acidic, can be recycled to reduce subsequent acid loading requirements. Makeup acid solution is added to the xylose liquor and subsequent biomass to ensure a proper solids to liquids ratio. The biomass is again treated to higher temperatures to yield sugars. The process may be repeated for each subsequent cycle.

Abstract: A facility for snapshot space accounting for a storage system, such as a filesystem is disclosed. The facility enables users to quickly and easily determine the amount of storage space that would be released or recovered if a snapshot were to be purged. The facility may work in conjunction with, or as part of, a snapshot service. The facility maintains an expiration data structure and a count data structure and uses these data structures in implementing the disclosed snapshot space accounting techniques. The expiration data structure represents the life cycle of each snapshot element maintained by the facility while the count data structure represents, for pairs of snapshots, the size of the information stored in the snapshot data that expired and that spans the corresponding pair of snapshots.

Abstract: Methods and systems for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass are disclosed. An acid solution between 1% to 1.6% sulfuric acid is applied to the biomass. The biomass is subjected to an elevated temperature to cause the production of xylose, glucose, and furfural. Adjustments to temperature, acid concentration, and time can generate at least 80% or 90% of theoretical xylose, 45% or 50% of the theoretical glucose, and less than 4000 ppm of furfural in the xylose liquor. A portion of the resulting xylose liquor may be separated from the glucan solids. The xylose liquor, still highly acidic, can be recycled to reduce subsequent acid loading requirements. Makeup acid solution is added to the xylose liquor and subsequent biomass to ensure a proper solids to liquids ratio. The biomass is again treated to higher temperatures to yield sugars. The process may be repeated for each subsequent cycle.

Abstract: A facility for snapshot space accounting for a storage system, such as a filesystem is disclosed. The facility enables users to quickly and easily determine the amount of storage space that would be released or recovered if a snapshot were to be purged. The facility may work in conjunction with, or as part of, a snapshot service. The facility maintains an expiration data structure and a count data structure and uses these data structures in implementing the disclosed snapshot space accounting techniques. The expiration data structure represents the life cycle of each snapshot element maintained by the facility while the count data structure represents, for pairs of snapshots, the size of the information stored in the snapshot data that expired and that spans the corresponding pair of snapshots.

Abstract: A dispensing and handling system for dispensing, loading and/or handling food and/or beverage carriers having a flexible sheet. The system can include a rack member for storing a plurality of carriers and one or more support members for securing a single carrier in a position for loading beverage containers and/or food into the carrier. Additional support members can be provided for temporarily supporting the carrier after it is loaded with beverage containers and/or food to enable a consumer to treat the contents of the carrier or attend to other tasks once the carrier is loaded.

Abstract: Methods and systems for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass are disclosed. An acid solution between 1% to 1.6% sulfuric acid is applied to the biomass. The biomass is subjected to an elevated temperature to cause the production of xylose, glucose, and furfural. Adjustments to temperature, acid concentration, and time can generate at least 80% or 90% of theoretical xylose, 45% or 50% of the theoretical glucose, and less than 4000 ppm of furfural in the xylose liquor. A portion of the resulting xylose liquor may be separated from the glucan solids. The xylose liquor, still highly acidic, can be recycled to reduce subsequent acid loading requirements. Makeup acid solution is added to the xylose liquor and subsequent biomass to ensure a proper solids to liquids ratio. The biomass is again treated to higher temperatures to yield sugars. The process may be repeated for each subsequent cycle.

Abstract: A system and method related thereto, for automatically inspecting at least one tire of a moving vehicle. The system includes an image acquisition device including at least one camera. The camera acquires multiple real-time images of at least one tire of a moving vehicle. As the tire of the vehicle enters a field of view of the camera, the camera component is configured to photograph and transmit the multiple photographs of the at least one tire. A light source illuminates the at least one tire of the vehicle in the field of view of the camera, and the light application may be synchronous with the imaging performed by the camera. A computer image processing component receives the multiple images transmitted from the camera and analyzes the multiple images using a detection program. The computer imaging processing component analyzing the photographs and provides an inspection analysis of each at least one tire.

Abstract: A merchant interface for creating an online coupon is described. The interface can include controls to specify a location, time interval and one or more deal terms. Various embodiments of the merchant interface can include other options and details such as the ability to specify multiple deal locations, enforce redemption by Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) location, etc.

Abstract: Example embodiments are electronic commerce (e-commerce) systems and media platforms, for use with both portable and non-portable devices, to deploy real-time location-based discount offers to users with the ability to purchase and redeem the same day. In addition, merchants (sellers) set up, edit, or cancel discount offers using portable and non-portable systems in real time.

Abstract: A merchant interface for managing an online deal or coupon is described. The management interface can include controls to show the status of a deal, modify or monitor the progress of a deal, etc. In particular embodiments, alert notifications can be sent out using messages or postings. Merchants or other sellers can select to send messages or alerts to specific types of participants or interested parties. Other features are described.

Abstract: A system and method related thereto, for automatically inspecting at least one tire of a moving vehicle. The system includes an image acquisition device including at least one camera. The camera acquires multiple real-time images of at least one tire of a moving vehicle. As the tire of the vehicle enters a field of view of the camera, the camera component is configured to photograph and transmit the multiple photographs of the at least one tire. A light source illuminates the at least one tire of the vehicle in the field of view of the camera, and the light application may be synchronous with the imaging performed by the camera. A computer image processing component receives the multiple images transmitted from the camera and analyzes the multiple images using a detection program. The computer imaging processing component analyzing the photographs and provides an inspection analysis of each at least one tire.