Abstract: A method for producing a usable by-product in a cyclone reactor. The method comprises introducing a reactant into a housing of the reactor through an inlet; using a burner to combust a first portion of the reactant in an exothermic reaction provided in a flame zone near a center of the housing; consuming a second portion of the reactant in an endothermic reaction near an outer wall of the housing to produce the by-product as part of a slag layer; and removing the slag layer including the by-product though an outlet in the housing; wherein the endothermic reaction takes place at a temperature of at least 1600° C.

Abstract: A cyclone reactor for producing a usable by-product as part of a recoverable slag layer, the reactor comprising a housing having an outer wall that defines a combustion chamber; an inlet configured to introduce a reactant into the reactor; a burner configured to combust the reactant in a flame zone near a central axis of the chamber; and an outlet configured to provide for the removal of the usable by-product from the housing; wherein the reactor is configured to combust a first portion of the reactant in an exothermic reaction in the flame zone; and wherein the reactor is configured to convert a second portion of the reactant in an endothermic reaction near the outer wall to produce the by-product as part of the slag layer.

Abstract: An axial classifier, for separating the coarse particles from a fluid flow having both coarse and fine particles, comprising a housing forming a first chamber for the fluid flow to enter the classifier, a vane assembly provided within the housing, wherein the vane assembly includes a plurality of blades aligned around a flow diverter, a cone member forming a second chamber for the fluid flow to pass therein, wherein the cone member includes an opening for the coarse particles separated from the fluid flow to pass therethrough, and an outlet for the particles remaining in the fluid flow after separation of the coarse particles to exit the classifier, wherein the plurality of blades of the vane assembly abut an outer surface of the flow diverter to direct the fluid flow from the first chamber into the second chamber in a manner that congregates the coarse particles for classification.

Abstract: An axial classifier for separating the particles of a fluid flow based on the size of the particles. The classifier includes an inlet pipe having a first end and a second end wherein the first end receives the fluid flow from another device and the second end outputs the fluid flow, a reclaim pipe having an opening configured to receive the particles separated from the fluid flow, a reflecting cover provided above the inlet pipe for redirecting the fluid flow exiting the inlet pipe toward the reclaim pipe, and a housing forming a chamber for the fluid flow to flow therein, wherein the housing includes an opening for the fluid flow to exit the classifier. The second end of the inlet pipe is provided above the opening of the reclaim pipe, wherein the particles of the fluid flow are separated in the chamber after existing the reflecting cover.

Abstract: A method and apparatus retrofitted to a multiple-intertube pulverized-coal burner to reduce NO.sub.x emissions of roof fired boilers. An internal two stage process controls the amount of secondary air which flows to the burner. The first stage includes a secondary air damper and air flow station to regulate the amount of air which flows into a windbox of the burner. The second stage includes an outlet formed in the hot primary air duct, an air plenum which communicates therewith, and a plurality of interjectory air ports which correspond with the burners in number and position along a front wall of the boiler and which communicate with the air plenum. The interjectory air ports inject interjectory air into a combustion chamber of the boiler at a substantially 90 degree angle to the direction of a plurality of burner tips of each burner and supplies the balance of the required theoretical combustion air needed to complete combustion of the fuel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus retrofitted to a multiple-intertube pulverized-coal burner to reduce NO.sub.x emissions of roof fired boilers. An internal two stage process controls the amount of secondary air which flows to the burner. The first stage includes a secondary air damper and air flow station to regulate the amount of air which flows into a windbox of the burner. A baffle plate assembly which includes a plurality of baffle plates further limits the amount of air which flows to the core of the burner for combustion of the fuel. The baffle plates create a pressure drop within the windbox which forces or diverts a quantity of air to the periphery of the burner. The second stage includes an outlet formed in the hot primary air duct, an air plenum which communicates therewith, and a plurality of interjectory air ports which correspond with the burners in number and position along a front wall of the boiler and which communicate with the air plenum.

Abstract: A method and apparatus retrofitted to a multiple-intertube pulverized-coal burner to reduce NO.sub.x emissions of roof fired boilers. An internal two stage process controls the amount of secondary air which flows to the burner. The first stage includes a secondary air damper and air flow station to regulate the amount of air which flows into a windbox of the burner. A baffle plate assembly which includes a plurality of baffle plates further limits the amount of air which flows to the core of the burner for combustion of the fuel. The baffle plates create a pressure drop within the windbox which forces or diverts a quantity of air to the periphery of the burner. The second stage includes an outlet formed in the hot primary air duct, an air plenum which communicates therewith, and a plurality of interjectory air ports which correspond with the burners in number and position along a front wall of the boiler and which communicate with the air plenum.