Abstract: An object extraction method using an object extraction system that includes a pre-processing module, an edge module, and an optimization module, and the object extraction method includes: generating an edge depth map with respect to a 2D image by pre-processing a 2D image where a target object to be data-labeled may be included, by the pre-processing module; extracting a target edge with respect to the target object from 3D data where the target object may be included, by the edge module; and optimizing the generated target edge to a final edge to match the generated edge depth map, by the optimization module.

Abstract: A method for sensing a closing time of an injector using an artificial neural network may include: sensing, by a controller, a voltage generated by an injector; performing, by the controller, a preprocess to derive an input matrix using variation characteristics of the voltage; and performing, by the controller, a closing time prediction to derive a closing time of the injector by an artificial neural network model including an input layer including the input matrix, a hidden layer, and an output layer.

Abstract: A method for sensing a closing time of an injector using an artificial neural network may include: sensing, by a controller, a voltage generated by an injector; performing, by the controller, a preprocess to derive an input matrix using variation characteristics of the voltage; and performing, by the controller, a closing time prediction to derive a closing time of the injector by an artificial neural network model including an input layer including the input matrix, a hidden layer, and an output layer.

Abstract: An adverse situation warning device includes a route data storing portion for storing a first route data of a host vehicle including a first geohash corresponding to a moving route of the host vehicle, a route comparing portion for receiving a second route data of a remote vehicle including a second geohash corresponding to a moving route of the remote vehicle, and for comparing the geohash of the first route data and the geohash of the second route data, and a warning output portion for outputting an adverse situation warning based on the comparison result.

Abstract: An adverse situation warning device includes a route data storing portion for storing a first route data of a host vehicle including a first geohash corresponding to a moving route of the host vehicle, a route comparing portion for receiving a second route data of a remote vehicle including a second geohash corresponding to a moving route of the remote vehicle, and for comparing the geohash of the first route data and the geohash of the second route data, and a warning output portion for outputting an adverse situation warning based on the comparison result.