Abstract: Disclosed are a method of manufacturing a working electrode for biosensors, the method including (a) providing a substrate, (b) forming a metal nanostructure on a surface of the substrate, (c) immobilizing a first linker compound on a surface of the metal nanostructure, and (d) binding a response factor to the first linker compound, a working electrode manufactured using the same, a biosensor including the working electrode, and a method of measuring the concentration of a biomarker in a sample using the biosensor.

Abstract: Disclosed are a metal nanoparticle-magnetic particle complex, comprising a core comprising a magnetic particle, the first shell comprising metal nanoparticles and formed on the surface of the core, and the second shell comprising a response factor and formed on the surface of the first shell, a method of preparing the complex, and a method of measuring the concentration of a biomarker in a sample using the complex.