Abstract: A substrate assembly includes: a first substrate unit; and at least one second substrate unit electrically connected to the first substrate unit and having a coil pattern formed thereon, wherein: the first substrate unit is a flexible substrate; the second substrate is a rigid substrate; the second substrate unit has a coil pattern formed on one of the front surface and the rear surface thereof and includes multiple second substrates laminated in the upward/downward direction and electrically connected to each other; the at least one second substrate unit includes multiple second substrate units arranged on the first substrate unit; the second substrate unit has a through-hole vertically formed therethrough; the coil pattern is formed around the through-hole; the first substrate unit includes a Hall sensor; and the second substrate unit is coupled to the first substrate unit such that the Hall sensor is exposed through the through-hole.

Abstract: During rain, including a light source (5) for radiating light such that the light is transmitted through a vehicle window (2), a light receiving element (6) for sensing an optical signal when the light radiated from the light source (5) is reflected from the raindrop fallen on the vehicle window (2) and performing a photoelectric transduction, and a receiver (9) for receiving the photoelectrically transduced signal from the light receiving element (6) and judging the level of rainfall. The light source (5) and the light receiving element (6) are inclined with respect to the surface of the vehicle window (2) such that the light of the light source (5) directly reflected from the vehicle window (2) exits to the outside of the light receiving element (6) and the light reflected from a raindrop (8) on the vehicle window (2) is received by the light receiving element (6) to operate a vehicle wiper.

Abstract: During rain, including a light source (5) for radiating light such that the light is transmitted through a vehicle window (2), a light receiving element (6) for sensing an optical signal when the light radiated from the light source (5) is reflected from the raindrop fallen on the vehicle window (2) and performing a photoelectric transduction, and a receiver (9) for receiving the photoelectrically transduced signal from the light receiving element (6) and judging the level of rainfall. The light source (5) and the light receiving element (6) are inclined with respect to the surface of the vehicle window (2) such that the light of the light source (5) directly reflected from the vehicle window (2) exits to the outside of the light receiving element (6) and the light reflected from a raindrop (8) on the vehicle window (2) is received by the light receiving element (6) to operate a vehicle wiper.