Abstract: A process for preparing a cobalt-containing hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst precursor includes calcining a loaded catalyst support comprising a catalyst support supporting a cobalt compound. The calcination includes heating the loaded catalyst support over a heating temperature range of 90° C. to 220° C. using (i) one or more high heating rate periods during the heating over the heating temperature range wherein heating of the loaded catalyst support takes place at a heating rate of at least 10° C./minute, and wherein a gas velocity of at least 5 m3n/kg cobalt compound/hour is effected over the loaded catalyst support, and (ii) one or more low heating rate periods during the heating over the heating temperature range wherein heating of the loaded catalyst support takes place at a heating rate of less than 6° C./minute. The cobalt compound is thereby calcined, with a cobalt-containing hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst precursor being produced.

Abstract: A method of preparing a catalyst precursor comprises contacting a catalyst support material with a tungsten compound, to obtain a tungsten-containing catalyst support material. The tungsten-containing catalyst support material is calcined at a temperature above 900° C. to obtain a modified catalyst support. A precursor compound of an active catalyst component is introduced onto and/or into the modified catalyst support thereby to obtain a catalyst precursor.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cobalt-containing hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst precursor includes calcining a loaded catalyst support comprising a catalyst support supporting a cobalt compound. The calcination includes heating the loaded catalyst support over a heating temperature range of 90° C. to 220° C. using (i) one or more high heating rate periods during the heating over the heating temperature range wherein heating of the loaded catalyst support takes place at a heating rate of at least 10° C./minute, and wherein a gas velocity of at least 5 m3n/kg cobalt compound/hour is effected over the loaded catalyst support, and (ii) one or more low heating rate periods during the heating over the heating temperature range wherein heating of the loaded catalyst support takes place at a heating rate of less than 6° C./minute. The cobalt compound is thereby calcined, with a cobalt-containing hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst precursor being produced.

Abstract: A method of preparing a catalyst precursor comprises contacting a catalyst support material with a tungsten compound, to obtain a tungsten-containing catalyst support material. The tungsten-containing catalyst support material is calcined at a temperature above 900° C. to obtain a modified catalyst support. A precursor compound of an active catalyst component is introduced onto and/or into the modified catalyst support thereby to obtain a catalyst precursor.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst includes introducing a soluble modifying component precursor of the formula Mc(OR)x, where Mc is a modifying component selected from the group comprising Si, Ti, Cu, Zn, Zr, Mn, Ba, Ni, Na, K, Ca, Sn, Cr, Fe, Li, Tl, Sr, Ga, Sb, V, Hf, Th, Ce, Ge, U, Nb, Ta, W or La, R is an alkyl or acyl group, and x is an integer having a value of from 1 to 5, onto and/or into a cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst precursor, which comprises a porous pre-shaped catalyst support supporting cobalt in an oxidized form. The resultant modified cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst precursor is reduced to obtain a cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing and using a cobalt slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst includes introducing a modifying component Mc into a catalyst support precursor, followed by shaping and calcination, to obtain a catalyst support. The catalyst support is impregnated with an aqueous solution of a cobalt salt, to form an impregnated support which is partially dried and calcined, to obtain a catalyst precursor. The catalyst precursor is reduced to form a cobalt slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst. A synthesis gas is contacted with this catalyst in a slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction at elevated temperature and elevated pressure, and a clean wax product that contains less than 50 mass ppm submicron particulates of cobalt is obtained.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst includes introducing a soluble modifying component precursor of the formula Mc(OR)x, where Mc is a modifying component selected from the group comprising Si, Ti, Cu, Zn, Zr, Mn, Ba, Ni, Na, K, Ca, Sn, Cr, Fe, Li, Tl, Sr, Ga, Sb, V, Hf, Th, Ce, Ge, U, Nb, Ta, W or La, R is an alkyl or acyl group, and x is an integer having a value of from 1 to 5, onto and/or into a cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst precursor, which comprises a porous pre-shaped catalyst support supporting cobalt in an oxidized form. The resultant modified cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst precursor is reduced to obtain a cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst.

Abstract: A method of treating an untreated catalyst support includes contacting an untreated catalyst support which is partially soluble in an aqueous acid and/or a neutral aqueous solution with a modifying component precursor of the formula Me(OR)x where Me is a modifying component selected from Si, Zr, Ti, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ba, Co, Ni, Na, K, Ca, Sn, Cr, Fe, Li, TI, Mg, Sr, Ga, Sb, V, Hf, Th, Ce, Ge, U, Nb, Ta, and W, R is an alkyl or acyl group, and x is an integer having a value of from 1 to 5. The modifying component is thereby introduced onto and/or into the catalyst support to form a protected modified catalyst support which is less soluble in the aqueous acid and/or the neutral aqueous solution. No calcination of the protected modified catalyst support is effected.

Abstract: A process for producing a clean wax product includes contacting, at an elevated temperature between 180° C. and 250° C. and at an elevated pressure between 10 bar and 40 bar, a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a cobalt slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, in a slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction. The catalyst is obtained from a successful catalyst support. A clean wax product containing less than 50 mass ppm submicron particulates of cobalt, is produced.

Abstract: A method of treating a catalyst support comprises introducing onto and/or into an untreated catalyst support which is partially soluble in an aqueous acid solution and/or a neutral aqueous solution, Si, Zr, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ba, Co, Ni and/or La as a modifying component. The modifying component is capable, when present in and/or on the catalyst support, of suppressing the solubility of the catalyst support in the aqueous acid solution and/or the neutral aqueous solution. A protected modified catalyst support which is less soluble or more inert in the aqueous acid solution and/or the neutral aqueous solution, than the untreated catalyst support, is thus formed. A method of forming a catalyst from the modified catalyst support is also provided.

Abstract: A method of treating an untreated catalyst support includes contacting an untreated catalyst support which is partially soluble in an aqueous acid and/or a neutral aqueous solution with a modifying component precursor of the formula Me(OR)x where Me is a modifying component selected from Si, Zr, Ti, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ba, Co, Ni, Na, K, Ca, Sn, Cr, Fe, Li, TI, Mg, Sr, Ga, Sb, V, Hf, Th, Ce, Ge, U, Nb, Ta, and W, R is an alkyl or acyl group, and x is an integer having a value of from 1 to 5. The modifying component is thereby introduced onto and/or into the catalyst support to form a protected modified catalyst support which is less soluble in the aqueous acid and/or the neutral aqueous solution. No calcination of the protected modified catalyst support is effected.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst precursor including subjecting, in an initial treatment stage, a slurry of a catalyst support, an active catalyst component precursor, and water, to treatment at elevated temperature and at sub-atmospheric pressure, to impregnate the support with the precursor and to dry the impregnated support partially. The initial treatment stage does not continue beyond a point where the impregnated carrier has a LOI which is less than 1.2 LOIiw. In a subsequent treatment stage, the partially dried impregnated support is subjected to more vigorous drying at elevated temperature and at sub-atmospheric pressure to obtain a dried impregnated carrier, which is calcined to obtain the catalyst precursor. The catalyst precursor is reduced, to obtain a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst precursor comprises subjecting, in an initial treatment stage, a slurry of a catalyst support, an active catalyst component precursor, and water, to treatment at elevated temperature and at sub-atmospheric pressure, to impregnate the support with the precursor and to dry the impregnated support partially. The initial treatment stage does not continue beyond a point where the impregnated carrier has a LOI which is less than 1,2 LOIiw. In a subsequent treatment stage, the partially dried impregnated support is subjected to more vigorous drying at elevated temperature and at sub-atmospheric pressure to obtain a dried impregnated carrier, which is calcined to obtain the catalyst precursor. The catalyst precursor is reduced, to obtain a catalyst.