Abstract: In a bulk acoustic resonator device, at least one additional metal feature is formed on a top surface of the bottom electrode at a location at which the bottom electrode electrical contact will subsequently be formed, thereby thickening the metal at the location below where the piezoelectric material layer will be etched to form the opening for the bottom electrode electrical contact. Consequently, even though some of the metal of the additional metal feature and/or of the bottom electrode will be removed during the process of etching the opening in the piezoelectric material layer, the bottom electrode will always retain sufficient thickness after the piezoelectric material layer is etched.

Abstract: A drain fitting for use in an irrigation system for draining water from the irrigation system, regardless of pipe size in the irrigation system, generally includes a grip portion and a neck coupled to the grip portion. The neck defines a first engagement portion having a first diameter, for coupling the drain fitting to a pipe of the irrigation system having a diameter corresponding to the first diameter of the first engagement portion, and a second engagement portion having a second diameter, different from the first diameter, for coupling the drain fitting to a pipe of the irrigation system having a diameter corresponding to the second diameter of the second engagement portion.

Abstract: A drain fitting for use in an irrigation system for draining water from the irrigation system, regardless of pipe size in the irrigation system, generally includes a grip portion and a neck coupled to the grip portion. The neck defines a first engagement portion having a first diameter, for coupling the drain fitting to a pipe of the irrigation system having a diameter corresponding to the first diameter of the first engagement portion, and a second engagement portion having a second diameter, different from the first diameter, for coupling the drain fitting to a pipe of the irrigation system having a diameter corresponding to the second diameter of the second engagement portion.

Abstract: In a bulk acoustic resonator device, at least one additional metal feature is formed on a top surface of the bottom electrode at a location at which the bottom electrode electrical contact will subsequently be formed, thereby thickening the metal at the location below where the piezoelectric material layer will be etched to form the opening for the bottom electrode electrical contact. Consequently, even though some of the metal of the additional metal feature and/or of the bottom electrode will be removed during the process of etching the opening in the piezoelectric material layer, the bottom electrode will always retain sufficient thickness after the piezoelectric material layer is etched.

Abstract: A drain fitting for use in an irrigation system for draining water from the irrigation system, regardless of pipe size in the irrigation system, generally includes a grip portion and a neck coupled to the grip portion. The neck defines a first engagement portion having a first diameter, for coupling the drain fitting to a pipe of the irrigation system having a diameter corresponding to the first diameter of the first engagement portion, and a second engagement portion having a second diameter, different from the first diameter, for coupling the drain fitting to a pipe of the irrigation system having a diameter corresponding to the second diameter of the second engagement portion.

Abstract: Structure for capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) device or other vibrating membrane device having non-uniform membrane so that membrane mass and stiffness characteristics may be substantially independently adjusted. CMUT having trenched membrane and/or membrane with non-uniform thickness or density. Method for operating transducer or vibrating membrane device. Array of devices at least some of which have non-uniform membrane properties. CMUT comprising substrate, support for membrane, and membrane extending over support to create cavity, membrane having non-uniform membrane thickness resulting from at least one of: thickening on upper surface of the membrane outside of cavity, thickening on lower surface of membrane inside cavity, trench on upper surface of membrane, trench on lower surface of the membrane, and any combination of two or more of these. Method for fabricating CMUT or vibrating membrane device having non-uniform membrane.

Abstract: Structure for capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) device or other vibrating membrane device having non-uniform membrane so that membrane mass and stiffness characteristics may be substantially independently adjusted. CMUT having trenched membrane and/or membrane with non-uniform thickness or density. Method for operating transducer or vibrating membrane device. Array of devices at least some of which have non-uniform membrane properties. CMUT comprising substrate, support for membrane, and membrane extending over support to create cavity, membrane having non-uniform membrane thickness resulting from at least one of: thickening on upper surface of the membrane outside of cavity, thickening on lower surface of membrane inside cavity, trench on upper surface of membrane, trench on lower surface of the membrane, and any combination of two or more of these. Method for fabricating CMUT or vibrating membrane device having non-uniform membrane.

Abstract: A capacitive membrane ultrasound transducer is provided. Membranes or other microelectromechanical devices are provided in a 3-1 geometry, allowing application of an electric field substantially perpendicular to a range dimension. The membranes are on a plurality of different respective planes more parallel than perpendicular with each other, and the planes are more perpendicular than parallel with the faces of the elements or transducer.

Abstract: A wobbler drive mechanism is provided for mechanically scanning an ultrasound transducer array. A fluid drive moves the transducer array. A pump causes fluid flow. The fluid flow transfers energy to the transducer array for moving the transducer array.

Abstract: CMUT elements are formed on a substrate. Electrical conductors are formed to interconnect between different portions of the substrate. The substrate is then separated into pieces while maintaining the electrical connections across the separation. Since the conductors are flexible, the separated substrate slabs may be positioned on a curved surface while maintaining the electrical interconnection between the slabs. Large curvatures may be provided, such as associated with forming a multidimensional transducer array for use in a catheter. The electrical interconnections between the different slabs and elements may allow for a walking aperture arrangement for three dimensional imaging.