Abstract: A method of increasing the carbon content of an organic compound comprising carboxylating an organic compound characterized by the general formula R1—H and carbon dioxide in the presence of a biocatalyst under conditions suitable for the formation of a carboxylic acid characterized by the general formula R1—OOH, wherein R1 is a C1 to C30 organyl group; a C1 to C30 hydrocarbyl group, a C3 to C30 aromatic group; a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C4 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a C4 to C30 substituted cycloalkyl group, a C3 to C30 aliphatic heterocyclic group, a C3 to C30 substituted aliphatic heterocyclic group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, a C6 to C30 substituted aryl group, a C3 to C30 heteroaryl group, or a C3 to C30 substituted heteroaryl group or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A chemoenzymatic method of producing a polyhydroxybenzene includes contacting glucose with one or more biocatalysts under conditions suitable for the formation of D-glucodialdose; and thermally treating D-glucodialdose in the presence of a dehydration catalyst under conditions suitable for the formation of the polyhydroxybenzene. A chemoenzymatic method of producing 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybenzene includes contacting glucose with a mutated copper radical oxidase and catalase under conditions suitable for the formation of D-glucodialdose; and subjecting D-glucodialdose and a dehydration catalyst to temperatures ranging from about 40° C. to about 100° C. suitable for the formation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybenzene.

Abstract: A molecular manufacturing process includes contacting a platform molecule with (i) a biocatalyst and (ii) a chemical catalyst under conditions suitable to produce a value-added chemical.

Abstract: A method of preparing succinic acid; the method comprising contacting glucose with an oxidizing catalyst under conditions to produce a first oxidized product; converting the first oxidized product to an aldehyde; and contacting the aldehyde with an acid catalyst under conditions suitable for the formation of succinic acid.

Abstract: A method for removal of sulfide from a stream, the method comprising preparing a metal-chelant complex, designated M-Yn, where M is a divalent or trivalent cation, Y comprises a gluconic acid, glucaric acid or derivative thereof, and n is from about 1 to about 3; contacting a mixture comprising M-Yn and a base with a sulfide stream under conditions suitable for the formation of a metal-sulfide species; and contacting the metal-sulfide species with an oxidizing agent to form a soluble metal sulfide species. A method for removal of sulfide from a stream, the method comprising preparing a sulfide scavenging mixture comprising a base and a metal-complex characterized by Structure (I); contacting the sulfide scavenging mixture with a sulfide stream under conditions suitable for the formation of a metal-sulfide species; and contacting the metal-sulfide species with an oxidizing agent to form a soluble metal sulfide species.

Abstract: A system for glucaric acid production includes (a) a first input selected from the group consisting of glucuronolactone, a disaccharide feedstock, a cleaved starch, a disaccharide, glucuronic acid, or a combination thereof. In addition, the system includes (b) a first catalyst system comprising a metal oxidation catalyst; (c) a first product; (d) a second input. Further, the system includes (e) a second catalyst system comprising an enzyme. Still further, the system includes (f) a second product comprising from about 50% to about 99% glucaric acid on a dry basis.

Abstract: A method for removal of sulfide from a stream, the method comprising preparing a metal-chelant complex, designated M-Yn, where M is a divalent or trivalent cation, Y comprises a gluconic acid, glucaric acid or derivative thereof, and n is from about 1 to about 3; contacting a mixture comprising M-Yn and a base with a sulfide stream under conditions suitable for the formation of a metal-sulfide species; and contacting the metal-sulfide species with an oxidizing agent to form a soluble metal sulfide species. A method for removal of sulfide from a stream, the method comprising preparing a sulfide scavenging mixture comprising a base and a metal-complex characterized by Structure I; contacting the sulfide scavenging mixture with a sulfide stream under conditions suitable for the formation of a metal-sulfide species; and contacting the metal-sulfide species with an oxidizing agent to form a soluble metal sulfide species.

Abstract: A composition for efficient metal chelation includes (i) a primary chelant; (ii) a coordination enhancing additive; and (iii) a solvent. A wellbore servicing fluid includes (i) a primary chelant; (ii) a coordination enhancing additive; and (iii) a solvent.

Abstract: A trickle bed reactor, comprising a plurality of catalyst beds connected in series and progressively increasing in catalyst mass in a direction from upstream to downstream; and a plurality of heat exchangers, wherein each of the heat exchangers is located between two of the plurality of catalyst beds, and wherein each of the heat exchangers does not exchange heat with an outer surface of a vessel that contains any of the catalyst beds.

Abstract: A chemoenzymatic process for the preparation of an oxidized glucose product comprising contacting D-glucose with an enzyme selected from the group consisting essentially of galactose oxidase (GAO), glucose oxidase (GOX), polysaccharide monooxygenase, catalase, animal peroxidase, periplasmic aldehyde oxidase (Pao), unspecific peroxygenase (UPO), lactoperoxidase (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), ovoperoxidase, salivary peroxidase, vanadium haloperoxidase, non-mammalian vertebrate peroxidase (POX), peroxidasin (Pxd), bacterial peroxicin (Pxc), invertebrate peroxinectin (Pxt), short peroxidockerin (PxDo), alpha-dioxygenase (aDox), dual oxidase (DuOx), prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS), cyclooxygenase (CyOx), linoleate diol synthase (LDS), variants thereof, and combinations thereof under conditions suitable for the formation of an oxidized intermediate; and contacting the oxidized intermediate with a metal catalyst to form an oxidized glucose product.

Abstract: A system for the production of high value chemicals includes (a) an input selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, glycerol, ethanol methanol or a combination thereof. In addition, the system includes (b) an oxidation biocatalyst including an alcohol oxidase, a copper radical oxidase, a glycerol oxidase, an alditol oxidase or a combination thereof. Further, the system includes (c) an oxidized intermediate. The system also includes (d) a finishing catalyst including a supported metal catalyst, a carboligating catalyst, an amine oxidase, a glyoxalase, an acid catalyst, a base catalyst, an isomerization catalyst or a combination thereof. Still further, the system includes (e) an output.

Abstract: A chemoenzymatic process for the preparation of 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid includes contacting D-glucose with (i) at least two enzymes selected from the group consisting essentially of galactose oxidase, pyranose 2-oxidase, glucarate dehydratase, catalase and a combination thereof to produce an intermediate; and (ii) a heterogeneous metal catalyst to form 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A method of purifying a produced water comprising contacting a produced water stream with a composition comprising a (i) a chelant; (ii) an oxidizing agent; and (iii) a surfactant under conditions suitable for the formation of a purified produced water. A composition for purifying produced water comprising (i) a biochelant in an amount of from about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. %: (ii) an oxidizing agent in an amount of from about 3 wt. % to about 50 wt. %; (iii) a surfactant in an amount of from about 0.1 wt. % to about 70 wt. % wherein the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the composition; and (iv) a solvent.

Abstract: An apparatus for use with a mining machine for storing tools in a convenient manner. A first mining tool includes a first connector adapted to connect with the mining machine, such as by connecting parallel bars with receivers on a head end of a boom. A storage rack is provided for storing the first mining tool in a manner that facilitates ready attachment with the mining machine. The storage rack also includes a second connector adapted to connect itself with the mining machine, which may be by connecting parallel bars with receivers on a head end of a boom, similar to the manner in which the first mining tool is connected. Related methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Transition metal carbide, nitride, phosphide, sulfide, or boride nanoparticles can be made by transforming metal oxide materials coated in a ceramic material in a controlled environment. The coating prevents sintering while allowing the diffusion of reactive gases through the inorganic matrix that can then alter the metal nanoparticle oxidation state, remove oxygen, or intercalate into the lattice to form a carbide, nitride, phosphide, sulfide, or boride.

Abstract: Transition metal carbide, nitride, phosphide, sulfide, or boride nanoparticles can be made by transforming metal oxide materials coated in a ceramic material in a controlled environment. The coating prevents sintering while allowing the diffusion of reactive gases through the inorganic matrix that can then alter the metal nanoparticle oxidation state, remove oxygen, or intercalate into the lattice to form a carbide, nitride, phosphide, sulfide, or boride.