Abstract: A method for puncturing a proximal membrane without puncturing a second, distal membrane is provided. The method comprises distally advancing an elongated body through an elongated tubular member to a first position where a distal end of the elongated body is in a first configuration. In the first configuration, the distal end of the elongated body is positioned outside the distal end of the elongated tubular member. The distal end of the elongated body has a distal tip, in this first configuration, that is sufficiently rigid and sharp to puncture the first, proximal membrane. From this first configuration, the distal tip of the elongated body is slightly advanced puncture the first, proximal membrane. After puncturing the first, proximal membrane, the elongated body is advanced through the punctured proximal membrane whereby the distal tip of the elongated body moves into a second configuration.

Abstract: A method for puncturing a proximal membrane without puncturing a second, distal membrane is provided. The method comprises distally advancing an elongated body through an elongated tubular member to a first position where a distal end of the elongated body is in a first configuration. In the first configuration, the distal end of the elongated body is positioned outside the distal end of the elongated tubular member. The distal end of the elongated body has a distal tip, in this first configuration, that is sufficiently rigid and sharp to puncture the first, proximal membrane. From this first configuration, the distal tip of the elongated body is slightly advanced puncture the first, proximal membrane. After puncturing the first, proximal membrane, the elongated body is advanced through the punctured proximal membrane whereby the distal tip of the elongated body moves into a second configuration.

Abstract: A method for puncturing a proximal membrane without puncturing a second, distal membrane is provided. The method comprises distally advancing an elongated body through an elongated tubular member to a first position where a distal end of the elongated body is in a first configuration. In the first configuration, the distal end of the elongated body is positioned outside the distal end of the elongated tubular member. The distal end of the elongated body has a distal tip, in this first configuration, that is sufficiently rigid and sharp to puncture the first, proximal membrane. From this first configuration, the distal tip of the elongated body is slightly advanced puncture the first, proximal membrane. After puncturing the first, proximal membrane, the elongated body is advanced through the punctured proximal membrane whereby the distal tip of the elongated body moves into a second configuration.

Abstract: A multi-piece socket system having a large internal cavity to allow a protrusion of a long rod or other workpiece to extend into the socket. The socket section has at least two pieces: a drive adaptor and a socket. Optionally, one or more extension collars may also be used. When assembled, the socket, extension collar(s) if used, and drive adaptor form a long tubular body into which a rod or other central member may enter while the nut is being driven onto the rod. The drive adaptor, extension collars, and sockets preferably attach together using a plurality of interlocking teeth on the ends of each member. For further stability, a spring biased pin extends from the wall of one member and through a hole in the wall of the mating member. Additional attachments, such as a threaded rod and drill chuck, may also be used.

Abstract: A multi-piece socket system having a large internal cavity to allow a protrusion of a long rod or other workpiece to extend into the socket. The socket section has at least two pieces: a drive adaptor and a socket. Optionally, one or more extension collars may also be used. When assembled, the socket, extension collar(s) if used, and drive adaptor form a long tubular body into which a rod or other central member may enter while the nut is being driven onto the rod. The drive adaptor, extension collars, and sockets preferably attach together using a plurality of interlocking teeth on the ends of each member. For further stability, a spring biased pin extends from the wall of one member and through a hole in the wall of the mating member. Additional attachments, such as a threaded rod and drill chuck, may also be used.

Abstract: A device and method for cryosurgical ablation. A tip has a thermally transmissive region along a length thereof in which the thermally transmissive region is operable at a temperature sufficient to cryosurgically ablate tissue in contact therewith. A plurality of cryosurgical fluid injection lumens each have a first end positioned within the tip at a different point along the length of the thermally transmissive region. Each of the first ends is arranged to cool overlapping respective portions along the length of the thermally transmissive region when cryogenic fluid is ejected from the plurality of cryogenic fluid injection lumens.

Abstract: A device and method for cryosurgical ablation. A tip has a thermally transmissive region along a length thereof in which the thermally transmissive region is operable at a temperature sufficient to cryosurgically ablate tissue in contact therewith. A plurality of cryosurgical fluid injection lumens each have a first end positioned within the tip at a different point along the length of the thermally transmissive region. Each of the first ends is arranged to cool overlapping respective portions along the length of the thermally transmissive region when cryogenic fluid is ejected from the plurality of cryogenic fluid injection lumens.

Abstract: A device and method for cryosurgical ablation. A tip has a thermally transmissive region along a length thereof in which the thermally transmissive region is operable at a temperature sufficient to cryosurgically ablate tissue in contact therewith. A plurality of cryosurgical fluid injection lumens each have a first end positioned within the tip at a different point along the length of the thermally transmissive region. Each of the first ends is arranged to cool overlapping respective portions along the length of the thermally transmissive region when cryogenic fluid is ejected from the plurality of cryogenic fluid injection lumens.