Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for measuring integrated circuit activity via spatial resolution of optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of nitrogen-vacancies (NV) in diamond. A quantum diamond microscope (QDM) can be used to capture a series of images of the fluorescence of NV centers present in diamond as a function of an external microwave field. An IC device placed adjacent to the diamond of the QDM will impact the fluorescence of the NV center, and this magnetic field-dependent fluorescence can be measured and used to generate a map of the magnetic field of the IC device.

Abstract: A method for quantifying amounts of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may use a PFAS detection system comprising a working electrode and one or more processors. The working electrode may have a polymer layer disposed on its surface that comprises a plurality of affinity sites for detecting a plurality of PFAS molecules. Each of the plurality affinity sites may have been created using a template PFAS. The method may comprise detecting, at the working electrode, a plurality PFAS molecules that have bonded to one or more of the plurality of affinity sites; and determining, by the one or more processors and based on the detected plurality of PFAS molecules that are bonded to the one or more affinity sites, a concentration of PFAS in an environment.