Abstract: The present invention provides novel alpha-fluoroalkyl dihydrotetrabenazine compounds I wherein R1 is a C1-C10 fluorinated aliphatic radical; R2 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; and R4 is a C1-C10 aliphatic radical, a C3-C10 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C3-C10 aromatic radical. The alpha-fluoroalkyl dihydrotetrabenazine compounds are provided in both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms and may comprise either or both of fluorine-18 and fluorine 19. The alpha-fluoroalkyl dihydrotetrabenazine compounds are believed to possess high affinity for VMAT-2, a biomarker implicated in human diabetes. The alpha-fluoroalkyl dihydrotetrabenazine compounds comprising a fluorine-18 group are useful as PET imaging agents targeting the VMAT-2 biomarker. The non-radiolabled alpha-fluoroalkyl dihydrotetrabenazine compounds are useful as probes for the discovery of PET imaging agents.

Abstract: Methods of activating an apo-peroxidase are provided. The methods include the steps of providing a solution comprising an apo-peroxidase and a heme choline ester, hydrolyzing the heme choline ester with a choline esterase, and converting the apo-peroxidase to active peroxidase. The methods disclosed herein also provide for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample. The methods include providing a binder capable of specifically binding the analyte wherein the binder is attached to a solid surface, applying the sample to the solid surface under conditions that permit binder-analyte binding, adding a choline esterase-conjugated binder that binds to the analyte, adding an apo-peroxidase, a heme choline ester, a peroxide, and a peroxide-activated signal generator, and detecting the signal produced by the peroxide-activated signal generator. An associated kit and components are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel fluoroalkyl tetrabenazine carbinol compounds having structure I wherein R1 is a C1-C10 fluorinated aliphatic radical; R2 is a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; R4 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; and R5 is hydrogen, a C1-C10 aliphatic radical, a C2-C10 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C2-C20 aromatic radical. In a particular embodiment, —OR5 is an ester moiety. The fluoroalkyl tetrabenazine carbinol compounds are provided in both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms and may comprise either or both of fluorine-18 and fluorine 19. The fluoroalkyl tetrabenazine carbinol compounds are shown to possess high affinity for VMAT-2, a biomarker implicated in human diabetes. The fluoroalkyl tetrabenazine carbinol compounds comprising a fluorine-18 group are useful as PET imaging agents targeting the VMAT-2 biomarker.

Abstract: A method of preparing a tetrabenazine compound (TBZ compound) having structure I comprising the steps of reacting a nucleophilic alkenyl species with aldehyde compound II and oxidizing the resultant allylic alcohol to provide enone III. The protecting group P1 on the tetrahydroisoquinoline nitrogen is removed and the resultant deprotected intermediate is induced to undergo an amino cyclization reaction to provide a product TBZ compound having structure I. The method may be used to prepare either enantiomeric form of tetrabenazine; (+)-tetrabenazine or (?)-tetrabenazine. Alternatively the method may be adapted to provide a mixture enriched in one tetrabenazine enantiomer, a racemic mixture, or a diastereomeric mixture of tetrabenazine compounds. In addition, the present invention provides novel synthetic intermediate compositions which may be used to prepare either or both enantiomers of tetrabenazine, derivatives of tetrabenazine, and analogs of tetrabenazine.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel fluoroalkyl tetrabenazine carbinol compounds having structure I wherein R1 is a C1-C10 fluorinated aliphatic radical; R2 is a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; R4 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; and R5 is hydrogen, a C1-C10 aliphatic radical, a C2-C10 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C2-C20 aromatic radical. In a particular embodiment, —OR5 is an ester moiety. The fluoroalkyl tetrabenazine carbinol compounds are provided in both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms and may comprise either or both of fluorine-18 and fluorine 19. The fluoroalkyl tetrabenazine carbinol compounds are shown to possess high affinity for VMAT-2, a biomarker implicated in human diabetes. The fluoroalkyl tetrabenazine carbinol compounds comprising a fluorine-18 group are useful as PET imaging agents targeting the VMAT-2 biomarker.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel fluorophilic compounds having structure VII wherein R1 is a C1-C20 aliphatic, a C2-C20 cycloaliphatic, or a C2-C20 aromatic radical comprising at least one functional group susceptible to reaction with nucleophilic fluoride ion or an electrophilic fluorinating agent; R2 is a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; R4 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; and R5 is hydrogen, a C1-C10 aliphatic radical, a C2-C10 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C2-C20 aromatic radical. The fluorophilic compounds are provided in both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms and are useful as intermediates in the preparation of novel PET imaging agents and probes useful in the discovery and performance assessment of PET imaging agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel fluorophilic compounds having structure VII wherein Q is a carbonyl group, a protected carbonyl group, a hydroxy methine group, or a protected hydroxy methine group; R1 is a C1-C20 aliphatic, C2-C20 cycloaliphatic, or C2-C20 aromatic radical comprising at least one functional group susceptible to reaction with nucleophilic fluoride ion or an electrophilic fluorinating agent; R2 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; and R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical. The fluorophilic compounds are provided in both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms and are useful as intermediates in the preparation of novel PET imaging agents and probes useful in the discovery and performance assessment of PET imaging agents. The fluorophilic compounds are particularly useful in the preparation of PET imaging agents and probes having a high affinity for VMAT-2, a biomarker implicated in human diabetes and other illnesses such as Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel alpha-fluoroalkyl compounds having structure I and the corresponding dihydrotetrabenazine compounds IV wherein R1 is a C1-C10 fluorinated aliphatic radical; R2 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; and R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical. The alpha-fluoroalkyl compounds are provided in both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms and may comprise either or both of fluorine-18 and fluorine 19. The alpha-fluoroalkyl compounds are shown to possess high affinity for VMAT-2, a biomarker implicated in human diabetes. The alpha-fluoroalkyl compounds comprising a fluorine-18 group are useful as PET imaging agents targeting the VMAT-2 biomarker. The non-radiolabled alpha-fluoroalkyl compounds are useful as probes for the discovery of PET imaging agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel fluorinated ether compounds having structure I wherein R1 is a C2-C10 fluorinated aliphatic radical; R2 is a C1-C10 aliphatic radical, or a C3-C10 cycloaliphatic radical; R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; and R4 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical. The fluorinated ether compounds are provided in both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms and may comprise either or both of fluorine-18 and fluorine 19. The fluorinated ether compounds are shown to possess high affinity for VMAT-2, a biomarker implicated in human diabetes. The fluorinated ether compounds comprising a fluorine-18 group are useful as PET imaging agents targeting the VMAT-2 biomarker. The non-radiolabeled fluorinated ether compounds are useful as probes for the discovery of PET imaging agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel fluorophilic compounds having structure VI wherein R1 is a C2-C20 aliphatic, a C3-C20 cycloaliphatic, or a C3-C20 aromatic radical comprising at least one functional group susceptible to reaction with nucleophilic fluoride ion or an electrophilic fluorinating agent; R2 is a C1-C10 aliphatic radical, or a C3-C10 cycloaliphatic radical; R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; and R4 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical. The fluorophilic compounds are provided in both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms and are useful as intermediates in the preparation of novel PET imaging agents and probes useful in the discovery and performance assessment of PET imaging agents. The fluorophilic compounds are particularly useful in the preparation of PET imaging agents and probes having a high affinity for VMAT-2, a biomarker implicated in human diabetes and other illnesses such as Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: A method of preparing a tetrabenazine compound (TBZ compound) having structure I comprising the steps of reacting a nucleophilic alkenyl species with aldehyde compound II and oxidizing the resultant allylic alcohol to provide enone III. The protecting group P1 on the tetrahydroisoquinoline nitrogen is removed and the resultant deprotected intermediate is induced to undergo an amino cyclization reaction to provide a product TBZ compound having structure I. The method may be used to prepare either enantiomeric form of tetrabenazine; (+)-tetrabenazine or (?)-tetrabenazine. Alternatively the method may be adapted to provide a mixture enriched in one tetrabenazine enantiomer, a racemic mixture, or a diastereomeric mixture of tetrabenazine compounds. In addition, the present invention provides novel synthetic intermediate compositions which may be used to prepare either or both enantiomers of tetrabenazine, derivatives of tetrabenazine, and analogs of tetrabenazine.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I): wherein n, m, p, q, Y, R1, R2, R3a, R3b, R4, R5, and R6 are as defined herein and their pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of activating an apo-peroxidase are provided. The methods include the steps of providing a solution comprising an apo-peroxidase and a heme choline ester, hydrolyzing the heme choline ester with a choline esterase, and converting the apo-peroxidase to active peroxidase. The methods disclosed herein also provide for detecting the presence of an analyte in a sample. The methods include providing a binder capable of specifically binding the analyte wherein the binder is attached to a solid surface, applying the sample to the solid surface under conditions that permit binder-analyte binding, adding a choline esterase-conjugated binder that binds to the analyte, adding an apo-peroxidase, a heme choline ester, a peroxide, and a peroxide-activated signal generator, and detecting the signal produced by the peroxide-activated signal generator. An associated kit and components are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel fluorophilic compounds having structure VII wherein R1 is a C1-C20 aliphatic, a C2-C20 cycloaliphatic, or a C2-C20 aromatic radical comprising at least one functional group susceptible to reaction with nucleophilic fluoride ion or an electrophilic fluorinating agent; R2 is a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; R4 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; and R5 is hydrogen, a C1-C10 aliphatic radical, a C2-C10 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C2-C20 aromatic radical. The fluorophilic compounds are provided in both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms and are useful as intermediates in the preparation of novel PET imaging agents and probes useful in the discovery and performance assessment of PET imaging agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel alpha-fluoroalkyl dihydrotetrabenazine compounds I wherein R1 is a C1-C10 fluorinated aliphatic radical; R2 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; and R4 is a C1-C10 aliphatic radical, a C3-C10 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C3-C10 aromatic radical. The alpha-fluoroalkyl dihydrotetrabenazine compounds are provided in both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms and may comprise either or both of fluorine-18 and fluorine 19. The alpha-fluoroalkyl dihydrotetrabenazine compounds are believed to possess high affinity for VMAT-2, a biomarker implicated in human diabetes. The alpha-fluoroalkyl dihydrotetrabenazine compounds comprising a fluorine-18 group are useful as PET imaging agents targeting the VMAT-2 biomarker. The non-radiolabled alpha-fluoroalkyl dihydrotetrabenazine compounds are useful as probes for the discovery of PET imaging agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel alpha-fluoroalkyl compounds having structure I and the corresponding dihydrotetrabenazine compounds IV wherein R1 is a C1-C10 fluorinated aliphatic radical; R2 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; and R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical. The alpha-fluoroalkyl compounds are provided in both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms and may comprise either or both of fluorine-18 and fluorine 19. The alpha-fluoroalkyl compounds are shown to possess high affinity for VMAT-2, a biomarker implicated in human diabetes. The alpha-fluoroalkyl compounds comprising a fluorine-18 group are useful as PET imaging agents targeting the VMAT-2 biomarker. The non-radiolabled alpha-fluoroalkyl compounds are useful as probes for the discovery of PET imaging agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel fluorophilic compounds having structure VII wherein Q is a carbonyl group, a protected carbonyl group, a hydroxy methine group, or a protected hydroxy methine group; R1 is a C1-C20 aliphatic, C2-C20 cycloaliphatic, or C2-C20 aromatic radical comprising at least one functional group susceptible to reaction with nucleophilic fluoride ion or an electrophilic fluorinating agent; R2 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; and R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical. The fluorophilic compounds are provided in both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms and are useful as intermediates in the preparation of novel PET imaging agents and probes useful in the discovery and performance assessment of PET imaging agents. The fluorophilic compounds are particularly useful in the preparation of PET imaging agents and probes having a high affinity for VMAT-2, a biomarker implicated in human diabetes and other illnesses such as Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel fluorophilic compounds having structure VI wherein R1 is a C2-C20 aliphatic, a C3-C20 cycloaliphatic, or a C3-C20 aromatic radical comprising at least one functional group susceptible to reaction with nucleophilic fluoride ion or an electrophilic fluorinating agent; R2 is a C1-C10 aliphatic radical, or a C3-C10 cycloaliphatic radical; R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; and R4 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical. The fluorophilic compounds are provided in both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms and are useful as intermediates in the preparation of novel PET imaging agents and probes useful in the discovery and performance assessment of PET imaging agents. The fluorophilic compounds are particularly useful in the preparation of PET imaging agents and probes having a high affinity for VMAT-2, a biomarker implicated in human diabetes and other illnesses such as Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel fluorinated ether compounds having structure I wherein R1 is a C2-C10 fluorinated aliphatic radical; R2 is a C1-C10 aliphatic radical, or a C3-C10 cycloaliphatic radical; R3 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical; and R4 is hydrogen or a C1-C10 aliphatic radical. The fluorinated ether compounds are provided in both racemic and enantiomerically enriched forms and may comprise either or both of fluorine-18 and fluorine 19. The fluorinated ether compounds are shown to possess high affinity for VMAT-2, a biomarker implicated in human diabetes. The fluorinated ether compounds comprising a fluorine-18 group are useful as PET imaging agents targeting the VMAT-2 biomarker. The non-radiolabeled fluorinated ether compounds are useful as probes for the discovery of PET imaging agents.

Abstract: A method of preparing a tetrabenazine compound (TBZ compound) having structure I comprising the steps of reacting a nucleophilic alkenyl species with aldehyde compound II and oxidizing the resultant allylic alcohol to provide enone III. The protecting group P1 on the tetrahydroisoquinoline nitrogen is removed and the resultant deprotected intermediate is induced to undergo an amino cyclization reaction to provide a product TBZ compound having structure I. The method may be used to prepare either enantiomeric form of tetrabenazine; (+)-tetrabenazine or (?)-tetrabenazine. Alternatively the method may be adapted to provide a mixture enriched in one tetrabenazine enantiomer, a racemic mixture, or a diastereomeric mixture of tetrabenazine compounds. In addition, the present invention provides novel synthetic intermediate compositions which may be used to prepare either or both enantiomers of tetrabenazine, derivatives of tetrabenazine, and analogs of tetrabenazine.