Abstract: A ball bat extending about a longitudinal axis. The bat includes a barrel portion defining a primary tubular region. The tubular region is formed of a fiber composite material having wall thickness of at least 0.100 inch. The fiber composite material includes at least first and second plies. The first and second plies include first and second pluralities of fibers and first and second resins, respectively. Substantially all of the first and second pluralities of fibers of the first and second plies are aligned to define first and second angles of 45 to 90 degrees with respect to the axis, respectively. The first and second plies have opposite polarities and are positioned with the second ply applied over the first ply. The first and second pluralities of fibers are sectioned such that the fibers do not continuously extend about the full circumference of the tubular region.

Abstract: A ball bat extending along an axis configured for hitting a ball. The bat including a handle portion, a barrel portion coupled to the handle portion, a tubular sleeve positioned within the barrel portion, and an end cap. The barrel portion includes proximal and distal end regions, and a central region. The end cap is coupled to the sleeve and to the barrel portion by an adhesive. The end cap includes an end wall and an annular wall proximally extending from an inner surface of the end wall. The annular wall is configured to engage an inner surface of a distal end region of the sleeve. The annular wall defines at least one through-wall opening configured for facilitating flow of the adhesive through and about the annular wall during the coupling of the end cap to the barrel portion.

Abstract: A ball bat extending about an axis, and configured for hitting a ball. The bat including a barrel portion coupled to a handle portion, a tubular sleeve positioned within the barrel portion, and an end cap. The barrel portion is formed of a fiber composite material, and includes a proximal end region, a distal end region, and an inner and outer layer. The layers are separated by a first separation configured to allow for independent movement between the layers upon impact with the ball. The sleeve is coupled to the handle portion. A portion of the sleeve is separated from the inner layer by a second separation within the range of 0.030 to 0.125 inch when measured radially from the axis. Upon impact, the barrel portion deflects inwardly such that the inner wall operably engages the sleeve. The cap is coupled to the sleeve and to the barrel portion.

Abstract: A ball bat extending about a longitudinal axis. The bat includes a barrel portion defining a primary tubular ball impact region. The barrel portion is formed of a fiber composite material. The fiber composite material includes at least first and second plies. The first and second plies include first and second pluralities first and second resins, respectively. Substantially all of the first and second pluralities of fibers of the first and second plies are generally aligned to define first and second angles with respect to the axis, respectively. The angles are each within the range of 45 to 90 degrees. Each of the plies is sized to extend about the full circumference of the barrel portion. The first and second pluralities of fibers are sectioned such that the fibers do not continuously extend about the full circumference of the impact region.

Abstract: A ball bat extending about a longitudinal axis. The bat includes a barrel portion defining a primary tubular region. The tubular region is formed of a fiber composite material having wall thickness of at least 0.100 inch. The fiber composite material includes at least first and second plies. The first and second plies include first and second pluralities of fibers and first and second resins, respectively. Substantially all of the first and second pluralities of fibers of the first and second plies are aligned to define first and second angles of 45 to 90 degrees with respect to the axis, respectively. The first and second plies have opposite polarities and are positioned with the second ply applied over the first ply. The first and second pluralities of fibers are sectioned such that the fibers do not continuously extend about the full circumference of the tubular region.

Abstract: A bat customization system for use with a processing unit of an electronic device. The system includes a first sensing bat, at least one sensor carried by the first sensing bat, and a wireless transmitter for transmitting signals from the sensors. The at least one sensor is configured to detect characteristics of at least one test swing of the first sensing bat. The signals represent the detected characteristics. A non-transient computer readable medium containing computer readable programming is configured to direct the processing unit to identify a recommended bat based on the characteristics detected by the at least one sensor carried by the first sensing bat. The programming is configured to direct the processing unit to generate data relating to the at least one test swing.

Abstract: An apparatus for engagement with a barrel of a bat includes a cup and at least one cover. The cup is secured for securement to a distal end of the barrel of the bat. The cup defines a cavity and includes a first connector portion. The at least one cover has a second connector portion cooperating with the first connector portion to releasably secure the cover to the cup over the cavity.

Abstract: A bat including a barrel, a barrel taper, a first connector portion carried by the barrel taper, a handle, and a second connector portion extending from the handle portion. The barrel has a distal portion, a proximal portion and an internal bore. The barrel taper axially engages the proximal portion of the barrel from within the internal bore. The second connector portion cooperates with the first connector portion to axially draw the barrel taper against the internal bore to connect the barrel to the handle.

Abstract: An apparatus for releasable attachment to a handle of a ball bat includes a base fixedly coupled to a proximal end of the handle of the bat, and at least one knob releasably coupled to the base. The base includes knob-engaging structure. The knob includes base-engaging structure to cooperate with the knob engaging structure to inhibit rotation of the knob with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bat.

Abstract: A ball bat extending about a axis, and including a barrel portion formed of a fiber composite material. The material includes first and second plies arrangements. The first and second ply arrangements define first and second ply arrangement thicknesses, respectively. The first and second arrangements include at least one ply having first and second plurality of fibers and first and second resin, respectively. The first and second arrangements define at least one first angle and second angle with respect to the axis, respectively. Each of the at least one first angle is of the same angular polarity and each of the at least second angle is of the same angular polarity. The first angle is of opposite polarity of the second angle. The ratio of the first and second arrangement thicknesses is at least 1.5. The first arrangement is positioned over and within 0.002 in of the second arrangement.

Abstract: A ball bat extending about a longitudinal axis. The bat includes a handle and a barrel portion. The barrel portion has a total length and includes a barrel rolling detection region having a length of at least two inches. The detection region is formed of a fiber composite material. The composite material includes at least first and second plies. The first and second plies each include first and second pluralities of fibers aligned adjacent to one another and first and second resins, respectively. The first and second pluralities of fibers of the first and second plies are generally aligned to define first and second angles with respect to the axis, respectively. The first ply is positioned over and within 0.002 in of the second ply. The first and second angles are each within the range of 20 to 80 degrees. The first and second angles are substantially the same.

Abstract: A ball bat extending about a longitudinal axis. The bat includes a handle and a barrel portion. The barrel portion has an outer surface and includes a proximal member and a distal member. The proximal member has first and second end regions and the distal member has third and fourth end regions. The first end region is coupled to the handle portion, the second end region of the proximal member is coupled to the third end region of the distal member, and the fourth end region of the distal member is coupled to an end cap. At least a portion of each of the proximal and distal members defines the outer surface of the barrel portion. One of the second and third end regions overlaps the other of the second and third end regions.

Abstract: A ball bat extending about an axis, and configured for hitting a ball. The bat including a barrel portion coupled to a handle portion, a tubular sleeve positioned within the barrel portion, and an end cap. The barrel portion is formed of a fiber composite material, and includes a proximal end region, a distal end region, and an inner and outer layer. The layers are separated by a first separation configured to allow for independent movement between the layers upon impact with the ball. The sleeve is coupled to the handle portion. A portion of the sleeve is separated from the inner layer by a second separation within the range of 0.030 to 0.125 inch when measured radially from the axis. Upon impact, the barrel portion deflects inwardly such that the inner wall operably engages the sleeve. The cap is coupled to the sleeve and to the barrel portion.

Abstract: A ball bat extending along an axis configured for hitting a ball. The bat including a handle portion, a barrel portion coupled to the handle portion, a tubular sleeve positioned within the barrel portion, and an end cap. The barrel portion includes proximal and distal end regions, and a central region. The end cap is coupled to the sleeve and to the barrel portion by an adhesive. The end cap includes an end wall and an annular wall proximally extending from an inner surface of the end wall. The annular wall is configured to engage an inner surface of a distal end region of the sleeve. The annular wall defines at least one through-wall opening configured for facilitating flow of the adhesive through and about the annular wall during the coupling of the end cap to the barrel portion.

Abstract: A ball bat extending about a longitudinal axis. A bat includes a tubular bat frame. The bat frame includes first and second frame pieces. The first frame piece has a gripping portion integrally formed to a transition portion, and the transition portion has a distal end region. The second frame piece has a proximal end region. The distal end region of the first piece is coupled to the proximal end region of the second piece. One of the distal and proximal end regions overlaps the other of the distal and proximal end regions. The bat has a center of percussion, and the mid-length of the overlap of the distal and proximal end regions is positioned within plus or minus three inches of the center of percussion of the bat.

Abstract: A ball bat extending about a longitudinal axis. The bat includes a handle and a barrel portion having an outer surface and including a proximal member and a distal member. The proximal member has first and second end regions and the distal member has third and fourth end regions. The first end region is coupled to the handle portion, the second end region of the proximal member is coupled to the third end region of the distal member, and the fourth end region of the distal member is coupled to an end cap. The proximal and distal members are formed of first and second materials, respectively. The second material is a fiber composite material, the second fiber composite material of the distal member is co-molded to the outer surface of the second end region of the proximal member.

Abstract: A ball bat extending about a longitudinal axis. The bat includes a handle and a barrel portion. The barrel portion has a total length and includes a barrel rolling detection region having a length of at least two inches. The detection region is formed of a fiber composite material. The composite material includes at least first and second plies. The first and second plies each include first and second pluralities of fibers aligned adjacent to one another and first and second resins, respectively. The first and second pluralities of fibers of the first and second plies are generally aligned to define first and second angles with respect to the axis, respectively. The first ply is positioned over and within 0.002 in of the second ply. The first and second angles are each within the range of 20 to 80 degrees. The first and second angles are substantially the same.

Abstract: A ball bat extending about a axis, and including a barrel portion formed of a fiber composite material. The material includes first and second plies arrangements. The first and second ply arrangements define first and second ply arrangement thicknesses, respectively. The first and second arrangements include at least one ply having first and second plurality of fibers and first and second resin, respectively. The first and second arrangements define at least one first angle and second angle with respect to the axis, respectively. Each of the at least one first angle is of the same angular polarity and each of the at least second angle is of the same angular polarity. The first angle is of opposite polarity of the second angle. The ratio of the first and second arrangement thicknesses is at least 1.5. The first arrangement is positioned over and within 0.002 in of the second arrangement.