Abstract: A solid state electrical energy state storage device includes multiple dielectric layers or an integral heterogeneous dielectric layer. Layers or portions of the heterogeneous layer have permittivity augmented by exposing the dielectric material to electric/magnetic fields during formation of the dielectric before complete solidification. Such exposure results in radicals and/or an ordered matrix. A dielectric for the device may contain a new xylene based polymer formed under atmospheric conditions via reaction with monatomic oxygen and provided an augmented permittivity through exposure of the polymer to a magnetic field and/or an electric field during condensation and solidification on a substrate.

Abstract: A solid state electrical energy state storage device includes multiple dielectric layers or an integral heterogeneous dielectric layer. Layers or portions of the heterogeneous layer have permittivity augmented by exposing the dielectric material to electric/magnetic fields during formation of the dielectric before complete solidification. Such exposure results in radicals and/or an ordered matrix. A dielectric for the device may contain a new xylene based polymer formed under atmospheric conditions via reaction with monatomic oxygen and provided an augmented permittivity through exposure of the polymer to a magnetic field and/or an electric field during condensation and solidification on a substrate.

Abstract: An energy storage device comprises a capacitor having a dielectric between opposite electrodes and a nonconductive coating between at least one electrode and the dielectric. The nonconductive coating allows for much higher voltages to be employed than in traditional EDLCs, which significantly increases energy stored in the capacitor. Viscosity of the dielectric material may be increased or decreased in a controlled manner, such as in response to an applied external stimulus, to control discharge and storage for extended periods of time.

Abstract: An energy storage device comprises a capacitor having a dielectric between opposite electrodes and a nonconductive coating between at least one electrode and the dielectric. The nonconductive coating allows for much higher voltages to be employed than in traditional EDLCs, which significantly increases energy stored in the capacitor. Viscosity of the dielectric material may be increased or decreased in a controlled manner, such as in response to an applied external stimulus, to control discharge and storage for extended periods of time.

Abstract: An improved process and method for the formation of stable intermediate cyclophanes. Embodiments describe a general method for the production of substituted and unsubstituted cyclophanes. The components include a pyrolysis reaction tube that may be electrically heated into which a flowing stream of nitrous oxide with xylene vapor in an optional inert carrier gas at atmospheric pressure. The exit gas is condensed resulting in the deposition of [2,2?]paracyclophane. Additionally a process and method whereby the reactive intermediates of the reaction described above can be directly deposited and polymerized at atmospheric pressures or thereabout is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved process and method for the formation of stable intermediate cyclophanes. Embodiments describe a general method for the production of substituted and unsubstituted cyclophanes. The components include a pyrolysis reaction tube that may be electrically heated into which a flowing stream of nitrous oxide with xylene vapor in an optional inert carrier gas at atmospheric pressure. The exit gas is condensed resulting in the deposition of [2,2?]paracyclophane. Additionally a process and method whereby the reactive intermediates of the reaction described above can be directly deposited and polymerized at atmospheric pressures or thereabout is disclosed.