Abstract: In a toll system for paying a fee for allowing a vehicle to use a road network, a random generator generates a random character string and transmits it to an electronic payment system and to a monitoring device for an on-road check on a usage authorization of vehicles using the road network. A user registers with the payment system in order to acquire a usage authorization and inputs a registration number of the vehicle intended for use. The payment system generates a hash value and transmits it to an electronic operator system of a toll operator. The monitoring device records a registration number of the vehicle and generates the hash value from the registration number and the currently valid character string. The operator system checks whether the hash value from the monitoring device matches a hash value from the payment system.

Abstract: A method for automatically determining emission locations of selected emitted substances originating from a selected immission location. In this context, on the basis of input values which relate directly or indirectly to the emitted substances and by using defined rules of a propagation model suitable for determining propagation of the emitted substances, the emitted substances are traced back spatially, with accompanying indication of distribution values. Furthermore, a determining system carries out the determining method, and a traffic control system carries out a traffic control method.

Abstract: Method for reducing energy costs in an industrially operated facility. For a lasting and comprehensive reduction in the energy costs in an industrially operated facility, the invention provides for at least one of the energy flows of the facility, from its purchase, its conversion in at least one secondary process, its consumption in at least one core process, as far as its discharge from the facility, to be considered as a whole, taking account of the operational process sequences, and for potential cost reductions to be determined.

Abstract: A method for automatically determining emission locations of selected emitted substances originating from a selected immission location. In this context, on the basis of input values which relate directly or indirectly to the emitted substances and by using defined rules of a propagation model suitable for determining propagation of the emitted substances, the emitted substances are traced back spatially, with accompanying indication of distribution values. Furthermore, a determining system carries out the determining method, and a traffic control system carries out a traffic control method.

Abstract: Method for reducing energy costs in an industrially operated facility. For a lasting and comprehensive reduction in the energy costs in an industrially operated facility, the invention provides for at least one of the energy flows of the facility, from its purchase, its conversion in at least one secondary process, its consumption in at least one core process, as far as its discharge from the facility, to be considered as a whole, taking account of the operational process sequences, and for potential cost reductions to be determined.