Abstract: A method of learning a rescue time period by an elevator system (101). The elevator system (101) includes an elevator car (103) moved by a machine (111) and a machine brake (120), arranged such that braking of the machine (111) by the machine brake (120) brakes motion of the elevator car (103). The method includes releasing the machine brake (120) for at least one test time period, at the end of which the machine brake (120) is engaged, detecting a corresponding at least one maximum travel speed of the elevator car (103) reached as a result of releasing the machine brake (120) for each at least one test time period, checking whether each at least one maximum travel speed is an acceptable speed, and setting the rescue time period based upon said checking.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine with an air intake system and an exhaust system is embodied as an internal combustion engine, in particular a gasoline engine, that is charged by means of an exhaust gas turbocharger. At least one three-way catalytic converter is arranged in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system is provided that connects the exhaust system downstream from a turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger and upstream from the at least one three-way catalytic converter to the air intake system upstream from a compressor of the exhaust gas turbocharger. The invention further relates to a method for exhaust aftertreatment of such an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine with an air intake system and an exhaust system is embodied as an internal combustion engine, in particular a gasoline engine, that is charged by means of an exhaust gas turbocharger. At least one three-way catalytic converter is arranged in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system is provided that connects the exhaust system downstream from a turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger and upstream from the at least one three-way catalytic converter to the air intake system upstream from a compressor of the exhaust gas turbocharger. The invention further relates to a method for exhaust aftertreatment of such an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A gas exchange valve arrangement, especially for an internal combustion engine, with a valve head, which is mounted on a valve body. The valve body can be moved in a straight line in either of two opposite directions by an actuating element, which can be moved in either of the two directions of movement such that, as a result of a movement of the actuating element in at least one direction, the valve body is caused to move in the same direction. The actuating element comprises a piston, which can be moved relative to a space by a fluid medium. The space comprises a feed opening for the fluid medium, and the gas exchange valve arrangement includes a throttle device, which at least temporarily throttles the movement of the actuating element in at least one direction of its movement.

Abstract: A gas exchange valve arrangement, especially for an internal combustion engine, with a valve head, which is mounted on a valve body. The valve body can be moved in a straight line in either of two opposite directions by an actuating element, which can be moved in either of the two directions of movement such that, as a result of a movement of the actuating element in at least one direction, the valve body is caused to move in the same direction. The actuating element comprises a piston, which can be moved relative to a space by a fluid medium. The space comprises a feed opening for the fluid medium, and the gas exchange valve arrangement includes a throttle device, which at least temporarily throttles the movement of the actuating element in at least one direction of its movement.

Abstract: X-ray apparatus 10 includes an X-ray source (22), an X-ray detector (28) facing the X-ray source. Inlet (6) accepts a stream of particles and a guide system (18) guides the stream of particles (16) in free space between the X-ray source (22) and detector (28) so that X-ray analysis can be carried out on the particles in the stream (16) in a sample region (21) between the source (22) and the detector (28).

Abstract: X-ray apparatus 10 includes an X-ray source (22), an X-ray detector (28) facing the X-ray source. Inlet (6) accepts a stream of particles and a guide system (18) guides the stream of particles (16) in free space between the X-ray source (22) and detector (28) so that X-ray analysis can be carried out on the particles in the stream (16) in a sample region (21) between the source (22) and the detector (28).