Abstract: In a method for accessing memory cells, a first read operation is performed on a first memory cell to read a first data value from the first memory cell. During the first read operation, a first variable current source provides a first assessment current having a first current level to a first bitline coupled to the first memory cell. A second read operation is performed on the first memory cell to read a second data value from the first memory cell. During the second read operation, the first variable current source manipulates the first current level to provide a second current level to the first bitline. A difference between the first current level and the second current level is based on whether the first data value that was read during the first read operation was a first data state or a second data state.

Abstract: A memory device is provided. The memory device comprises at least one non-volatile memory cell, a write circuit configured to write to the at least one memory cell, and a read circuit configured to read from the at least one memory cell, wherein the memory device is configured to be operable in a test operating mode, in which at least one test path can be tested, and wherein the test path comprises at least a portion of the write circuit and at least a portion of the read circuit, and bypasses the at least one memory cell.

Abstract: In a method for accessing memory cells, a first read operation is performed on a first memory cell to read a first data value from the first memory cell. During the first read operation, a first variable current source provides a first assessment current having a first current level to a first bitline coupled to the first memory cell. A second read operation is performed on the first memory cell to read a second data value from the first memory cell. During the second read operation, the first variable current source manipulates the first current level to provide a second current level to the first bitline. A difference between the first current level and the second current level is based on whether the first data value that was read during the first read operation was a first data state or a second data state.

Abstract: A method for supporting the selection of communication peers in an overlay network, wherein a multitude of communication peers participate in the overlay network by providing certain pieces of information, and wherein at least one peer-to-peer server—tracker—is provided that maintains a database of the participating communication peers and the information possessed by them, wherein the tracker, upon receiving a query regarding a specific piece of information from a communication peer—requesting client—, answers the query by providing the requesting client a list that includes a subset of all communication peers possessing the requested piece of information, includes providing a network entity located such that it receives messages directed from the requesting client to the tracker, wherein the network entity stamps topological location information of the requesting client into any of the messages directed from the requesting client to the tracker. Furthermore, a corresponding system is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for supporting the selection of communication peers in an overlay network, wherein a multitude of communication peers participate in the overlay network by providing certain pieces of information, and wherein at least one peer-to-peer server—tracker—is provided that maintains a database of the participating communication peers and the information possessed by them, wherein the tracker, upon receiving a query regarding a specific piece of information from a communication peer—requesting client—, answers the query by providing the requesting client a list that includes a subset of all communication peers possessing the requested piece of information, includes providing a network entity located such that it receives messages directed from the requesting client to the tracker, wherein the network entity stamps topological location information of the requesting client into any of the messages directed from the requesting client to the tracker. Furthermore, a corresponding system is disclosed.

Abstract: A method, module and computer program for protecting a target against attacks in a high-speed network. The method according to the invention comprises the steps of generating a question, after having received a request from an initiator identified by a sourceID associated to a certain node in the network, sending the question to the node identified by the sourceID, in case that an answer to the question is received, evaluating the answer, and in case that a proper answer has been received, enabling communication between the initiator and the target by sending a further message from the target to the initiator.