Abstract: The present invention is related to ultracapacitors (or supercapacitors) and to the carbon electrode materials for ultracapacitors. A ultradocapacitor according to the invention comprises at least one pair of oppositely charged microporous carbon electrodes composed of an electrochemically active carbon material wherein an active carbon surface is modified with plurality of atoms or functional groups with a free electron pair covalently bound to hexagonal carbon, and an electrolyte containing ions forming an electrical double layer on the surface of electrically charged carbon electrode and a component changing a state of charge during recharging of the ultracapacitor. The carbon is preferably CDC (carbon derived carbon) activated by high temperature (600-1000° C.) chlorine treatment.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for reducing the corrosion of a condenser in carbide derived carbons (CDC) production where cooling/quenching of a gaseous stream metal or metalloid halide is performed by direct contact of gaseous stream with liquid cooling agent before condenser, without utilizing a heat exchanger for the temperature range above 300° C., while keeping purity of gaseous stream of metal or metalloid halide constant. The apparatus comprises a reactor for carbide to carbon conversion and a condenser for collecting the by-produced metal- or metalloid chloride, and a cooling unit comprising a tank of liquid cooling agent. Temperature of the gas stream entering the condenser is reduced by heat absorbed in vaporization of a liquid metal- or metalloid halide introduced from the tank of liquid cooling agent through by supply pump, through the supply flow valve into the gaseous stream at the exit of the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention is related to ultracapacitors (or supercapacitors) and to the carbon electrode materials for ultracapacitors. A ultradocapacitor according to the invention comprises at least one pair of oppositely charged microporous carbon electrodes composed of an electrochemically active carbon material wherein an active carbon surface is modified with plurality of atoms or functional groups with a free electron pair covalently bound to hexagonal carbon, and an electrolyte containing ions forming an electrical double layer on the surface of electrically charged carbon electrode and a component changing a state of charge during recharging of the ultracapacitor. The carbon is preferably CDC (carbon derived carbon) activated by high temperature (600-1000° C.) chlorine treatment.