Abstract: The present invention relates to a foam polystyrene-based bead. The foam polystyrene-based bead includes: a core containing a styrene-based resin, a char-generating thermoplastic resin, and an expanded inorganic material; and a skin disposed on the surface of the core, wherein the skin contains a resin of which the glass transition temperature is below around 120° C. The foam is contained in the core or skin. The core may further include a carbon filler. Foam produced from the expandable polystyrene beads is not an inherently self-extinguishing flame retardant material yet can have good non-flammability comparable to or better than that of inherently flame retardant materials (Non flammability level 3) as measured in accordance with KS F ISO 5660-1, heat insulation properties, and mechanical properties.

Abstract: A getter layer is deposited on an electrode layer on one side of a substrate. The electrode layer is configured to provide a first electrode to hold charges in the getter layer positioned between the first electrode and a second electrode. The getter layer may include a polymer. In one embodiment, an optically dark layer in a reflection mode or in a transmission mode is deposited on other side of the substrate. In one embodiment, one or more optically reflective films are deposited on a second side of the substrate. In one embodiment, a getter reticle having a getter layer on an electrode layer on a substrate is moved toward a surface. The getter layer of the getter reticle is attached to the surface by an electrostatic force. Contaminants are transferred from the surface to the getter layer by the electrostatic force.

Abstract: A biaxially textured article includes a substrate, a first buffer layer disposed on the substrate, the first buffer layer having uniaxial crystal texture characterized by out-of-plane texture with no significant in-plane crystallographic texture. A metal comprising second buffer layer is disposed on the first buffer layer, the second buffer layer having a biaxially textured surface. An electronically active layer, such as a superconductor layer, can be disposed on the second buffer film. Ion-beam assisted processes can be used to biaxially texture the surface of the second buffer film after its deposition.

Abstract: A biaxially textured article includes a substrate, a first buffer layer disposed on the substrate, the first buffer layer having uniaxial crystal texture characterized by out-of-plane texture with no significant in-plane crystallographic texture. A metal comprising second buffer layer is disposed on the first buffer layer, the second buffer layer having a biaxially textured surface. An electronically active layer, such as a superconductor layer, can be disposed on the second buffer film. Ion-beam assisted processes can be used to biaxially texture the surface of the second buffer film after its deposition.