Abstract: Disclosed is a whitening cosmetic composition comprising .gamma.-L-glutamyl-L-cystine, .gamma.-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine disulfide, oxidized glutathione or a derivative thereof, the amino group of which is acylated with an alkanoyl group or an aroyl group. The whitening cosmetic composition of the present invention have extremely good in water solubility and heat stability and stability during storage and show a melanin formation inhibitory activity against melanoma cells without any cytotoxicity.

Abstract: Optically active cephalosporin analogs are produced by optically selective deacylation of an optically inactive acylated analog. The compounds are useful as intermediates in the preparation of optically active acylated antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: Optically active cephalosporin analogs of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen or a group represented by the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 is a straight or branched lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a straight or branched lower alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a phenyl group and R.sub.4 is a hydrogen or a straight or branched lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and A.sub.2 represents a straight or branched lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a straight or branched lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which is substituted with one or two carboxyl groups, are useful as antibacterial agents.

Abstract: Cellulase may be prepared in good yield and at relatively low cost by culturing certain mutant strains of the genus Trichoderma, which exhibit increased inducibility of cellulase by L-sorbose, in medium wherein the carbon source comprises cellulose-containing material of plant origin, for example, bagasses, waste papers, rice plant hulls and straws or soybean wastes. Preferred mutant strains are exemplified by Trichoderma reesei PC-1-4, PC-3-7, X-30 and X-31.

Abstract: New antibiotic compounds, Fortimicin factors KG.sub.1, KG.sub.2 and KG.sub.3 are produced by fermentation of microorganisms belonging to the genus Micromonospora. The antibiotic compounds are accumulated in the culture liquor and are isolated therefrom.

Abstract: Ethanol is produced by culturing the microorganism Kluyveromyces cellobiovorus or Kloeckera apiculata in a medium containing, as a carbon source, an assimilable source of xylose, cellobiose or both. The carbon source may be provided in the form of hydrolysates of cellulose containing substances such as cotton, wood, straw or paper which are obtained by acid hydrolysis or enzymatic action. At the completion of culturing, ethanol is removed from the culture in a conventional manner.

Abstract: Disclosed are optically active acylated cephalosporin analogs which are useful as antibacterial agents and methods for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: Optically active cephalosporin analogs are produced by optically selective deacylation of an optically inactive acylated analog. The compounds are useful as intermediates in the preparation of optically active acylated antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: Disclosed are optically active cephalosporin analogs which are produced by optically selective deacylation of an optically inactive acylated analog. The compounds are useful as intermediates in the preparation of optically active acylated antimicrobial agents.

Abstract: New antibiotic compounds, Fortimicin factors KG.sub.1, KG.sub.2 and KG.sub.3 are produced by fermentation of microorganisms belonging to the genus Micromonospora. The antibiotic compounds are accumulated in the culture liquor and are isolated therefrom.

Abstract: The antibiotic XK-62-2 is produced by fermentation of microorganisms belonging to the genus Micromonospora. The antibiotic is accumulated in the culture liquor and is isolated therefrom.

Abstract: A novel series of antibiotics designated the XK-88 series are produced by culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Streptomyces in a nutrient medium and thereafter recovering the antibiotics from the culture liquor.

Abstract: A new antibiotic, Fortimicin A, is produced by fermentation of a microorganism belonging to the genus Micromonospora. The antibiotic is accumulated in the culture medium and is isolated therefrom.

Abstract: A novel series of antibiotics designated the XK-88 series are produced by culturing a microorganism belonging to the genus Streptomyces in a nutrient medium and thereafter recovering the antibiotics from the culture liquor.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relatees to novel antibiotics and a process for the production thereof. More specifically the present invention relates to novel antibiotics designated, XK-88-1, XK-88-2, XK-88-3 and XK-88-5 and a process for producing such antibiotics.Antibiotics which exhibit activity against a borad spectrum of bacteria are always in demand. To this end, a new species of microorganism has been isolated from soil located in Tajima-cho, Hofu-shi, Yamaguchi-ken, Japan. This new species, when cultured, produces a series of new antibiotics, the XK-88 series, all of which exhibit strong antibacterial activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Abstract: A new antibiotic, Fortimicin B, is produced by fermentation of a microorganism belonging to the genus Micromonospora. The antibiotic is accumulated in the culture medium and is isolated therefrom.