Abstract: The present invention makes the insertion perception during actual surgery to be equivalent to the insertion perception of a catheter into a blood vessel model when water is used as the circulating fluid. A lubricant regulating fluid primarily composed of water is mixed with an aqueous metal salt and a surfactant as a lubricant regulating agent of the lubricant regulating fluid. A cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, or a dipolar ionic surfactant may be used as the surfactant. Also, the metal salt may be an alkaline metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, an aluminum salt, a ferric salt, or the like. In an example, the lubricant regulating fluid obtained by mixing an aqueous metal salt with water is prepared, and the lubrication and non-adherent properties of a catheter into a simulated blood vessel model are improved.

Abstract: The present invention makes the insertion perception during actual surgery to be equivalent to the insertion perception of a catheter into a blood vessel model when water is used as the circulating fluid. A lubricant regulating fluid primarily composed of water is mixed with an aqueous metal salt and a surfactant as a lubricant regulating agent of the lubricant regulating fluid. A cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, or a dipolar ionic surfactant may be used as the surfactant. Also, the metal salt may be an alkaline metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, an aluminum salt, a ferric salt, or the like. In an example, the lubricant regulating fluid obtained by mixing an aqueous metal salt with water is prepared, and the lubrication and non-adherent properties of a catheter into a simulated blood vessel model are improved.

Abstract: It is possible to observe a state of stress applied to a region around a cavity replicating a body cavity such as a blood vessel and the like in a three-dimensional model. In catheter insert simulation, when stress is applied to the region around the cavity in the three-dimensional model, it is possible to observe the catheter state together with a photoelastic effect corresponding to the stress state in the surrounding region caused by the catheter.

Abstract: It is possible to observe a state of stress applied to a region around a cavity replicating a body cavity such as a blood vessel and the like in a three-dimensional model. In catheter insert simulation, when stress is applied to the region around the cavity in the three-dimensional model, it is possible to observe the catheter state together with a photoelastic effect corresponding to the stress state in the surrounding region caused by the catheter.

Abstract: An optical integrated device in which application of an excessive stress or the appearance of a crack due to thermal expansion mismatching is prevented. A first ferrule is fixed to an optical waveguide chip. An optical fiber is inserted into the first ferrule to fix the optical fiber. A package contains the optical waveguide chip and the first ferrule. An opening is made in a sidewall of the package to pull out the optical fiber to the outside. A pipe is airtightly fixed around the opening. A second ferrule is inserted into the pipe and is airtightly fixed to an end of the pipe. The optical fiber pulled out to the outside of the package through the opening is inserted into the second ferrule to fix the optical fiber.

Abstract: A three-dimensional model capable of replicating dynamic characteristics of a body cavity portion such as a blood vessel is proposed. A membranous model having a cavity replicating a body cavity such as a blood vessel, which is formed based on tomogram data of a subject, therein is embedded in a base material having similar physical properties to those of a living body tissue. For the base material, a material such as a silicon gel having flexibility and elasticity is employed.

Abstract: An optical integrated device in which application of an excessive stress or the appearance of a crack due to thermal expansion mismatching is prevented. A first ferrule is fixed to an optical waveguide chip. An optical fiber is inserted into the first ferrule to fix the optical fiber. A package contains the optical waveguide chip and the first ferrule. An opening is made in a sidewall of the package to pull out the optical fiber to the outside. A pipe is airtightly fixed around the opening. A second ferrule is inserted into the pipe and is airtightly fixed to an end of the pipe. The optical fiber pulled out to the outside of the package through the opening is inserted into the second ferrule to fix the optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical device for receiving a light and changing a transmission direction of the received light is disclosed. The optical device includes a substrate having a surface with which the received light is transmitted in parallel; a layer formed on the surface of the substrate; and a reflecting face formed in the layer, the reflecting face being inclined and reflecting the received light to change the transmission direction of the received light.

Abstract: A three-dimensional model, wherein coelom models such as blood vessels are stackingly molded based on tomogram data on a subject, the peripheries of the coelom models are surrounded by a three-dimensional model forming material, the three-dimensional model forming material is hardened, and the coelom models are fused or molten and removed, whereby a specified three-dimensional model can be formed.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a small size Faraday rotator which is easy to produce and enables reliable reduction of temperature dependence of the Faraday rotation angle, by defining the crystal orientation and arrangement order of each Faraday element when three or more Faraday elements are used. For this purpose, a Faraday rotator of the present invention comprises: a Faraday element section being composed of a plurality of Faraday elements, a permanent magnet for applying a magnetic field to each Faraday element in a parallel direction to an optical axis direction, and an electromagnet for applying a variable magnetic field in a perpendicular direction to the optical axis direction, wherein each Faraday element is arranged such that the crystal orientation of each is perpendicular to a light beam direction, and crystal orientations of adjacent Faraday elements are opposed to each other.

Abstract: The present invention aims at providing a variable optical attenuator to achieve the reduction of the wavelength-dependency of the entire device, by optimizing the magneto-optical system of the variable optical attenuator by deliberating the wavelength-dependency of Faraday rotation angles. To this end, the variable optical attenuator according to the present invention comprises: a Faraday rotator for providing a variable Faraday rotation angle; and a polarizer and an analyzer arranged in front of and behind the Faraday rotator, respectively, wherein the angle formed between the optical axis of the analyzer and the optical axis of the polarizer is set such that the Faraday rotation angle at which the wavelength-dependency of the optical attenuation amount of the variable optical attenuator becomes the maximum, is brought to be substantially 0°, to thereby reduce the wavelength-dependency of the optical attenuation amount at the aforementioned Faraday rotation angle.

Abstract: An engineering method of providing a lining onto the internal face of conduits for gas, city water, etc. that are buried underground. This lining work shall entirely be done from the portions exposed above ground. The distance of the supply pipe to the service tee is measured. The lining tube is set to a length that is slightly longer than this distance. The lining tube is turned inside out inside the supply pipe. As a result, a slightly longer length of non-reverse portion is left inside the supply pipe by the service tee. This non-reverse portion is helpful when cutting the rewinding tape that is tied to the lining tube after the insertion of a cutter. Next the heating tube shall be reversed similarly, and a hot water hose is inserted for circulating hot water in the heating tube. The aforesaid lining tube coated with the thermosetting adhesive is bonded onto the internal face of supply pipe. Next the heating tube is pulled out and the rewinding tape of the lining tube is cut and removed.