Abstract: A liquid crystal element is equipped with at least one polarizer provided on a light entering side thereof, an insulating substrate on which transparent electrodes, a light reflecting member having a light reflecting surface on one side thereof, and a liquid crystal layer sealed between the insulating substrate and the reflecting member, in which liquid crystal molecules and liquid-crystalline polymers are both twist-aligned through a same angle. In the case of a dark display, incident light linearly polarized enters the liquid crystal layer, becoming circularly polarized light at the reflection surface, and after being reflected, when outgoing, the light becomes a linearly polarized light having a plane of polarization rotated through an angle of 90.degree. as compared with that of the incident light.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal displaying device includes an optically transmitting first substrate on which an optically transmitting electrode is at least formed; an anisotropic scattering/reflecting plate for performing a function of anisotropically scattering an incident light and a function of reflecting a light; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the optically transmitting first substrate and the anisotropic scattering/reflecting plate. The obtained reflection-type liquid crystal displaying device exhibits an extremely bright, uniform, and good displaying capability.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of high display quality and superior sharpness is presented. Large bumps and small bumps made of synthetic resin material are formed on a glass substrate. Covering these bumps and filling the recesses among the bumps, a smoothing film is formed. On the smoothing film, a reflective metal film made of metal material such as aluminum is formed. This reflective metal film is formed in plural rows in a longitudinal band form. On the glass substrate, the bumps, smoothing film, and reflective metal film are combined to compose a reflector. An orientation film is formed on the reflective metal film. By the electric field applied in the liquid crystal layer so as to be in the light shielding state when the retardation .DELTA.n.sub.1 d.sub.1 of the liquid crystal cell and the retardation .DELTA.n.sub.2 d.sub.2 of the substrate possessing optical phase compensating function satisfy .vertline..DELTA.n.sub.1 d.sub.1 -.DELTA.n.sub.2 d.sub.2 .vertline./.lambda.=0.25+m/2.+-.0.

Abstract: A reflection type liquid crystal display comprises a first substrate including a rough portion formed on a surface thereof and a reflection electrode formed on the rough portion; a second substrate including a counter electrode formed thereon; and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and second substrates, driven by the reflection electrode and the counter electrode to perform a display. The reflection electrode is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the reflection electrode includes surface oxidation layer having at least 5 nm thickness. The first substrate includes a vertical alignment film made of insulating material formed on the surface oxidation layer of the reflection electrode.

Abstract: A color display device includes a display medium; a display-side substrate including electrodes for driving the display medium; a counter substrate opposed to the display-side substrate with the display medium therebetween and including electrodes or driving the display medium; a first absorptive color filter provided on the display-side substrate; a second reflective color filter provided on a face opposite to the display-side substrate of the first color filter for reflecting light having a complementary color of light transmitted through the first color filter; and reflecting means provided on a face opposite to the first color filter of the second color filter.

Abstract: A reflection-type liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate formed of a material which allows transmission of visible light therethrough; a second substrate opposed to the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a light absorbing layer provided on the second substrate for absorbing the visible light; and a holographic color reflective film provided on the light absorbing layer and having a light reflecting area for reflecting light of a prescribed wavelength range of the visible light.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises: a first substrate formed with a plurality of liquid crystal driving active elements; first, second and third liquid crystal cells stacked in this order on an inter-layer film formed on the first substrate; and a second substrate disposed on the third liquid crystal cell with intervention of a planarizing film; wherein the first, second and third liquid crystal cells each have a counter electrode, a liquid crystal layer and a driving electrode connected to a corresponding one of the liquid crystal driving active elements formed on the first substrate, and are each electrically isolated by an insulating layer from the counter electrode and driving electrode of an adjacent liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device including a first substrate and a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and second substrates, a polarizing plate, and a reflection layer; wherein the polarizing plate and the reflection layer are located on opposite sides of the liquid crystal layer. A surface of the reflection layer reflecting light has projections, and an occupation of an area of portions where a tilt angle of a tangent line drawn against a profile of the surface with the projections is less than 2.degree. in a total area of the surface is in a range of 20% to 60%.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of high display quality and superior sharpness is presented. Large bumps and small bumps made of synthetic resin material are formed on a glass substrate. The bottom diameters of the large bumps and small bumps are defined, for example, at 5 .mu.m and 3 .mu.m, respectively, and their interval is at least, for example, 2 .mu.m or more. Covering these bumps and filling the recesses among the bumps, a smoothing film is formed. On the smoothing film, a reflective metal film made of metal material such as aluminum is formed. This reflective a metal film is formed in plural rows in a longitudinal band form. On the glass substrate, the bumps, smoothing film, and reflective metal film are combined to compose a reflector. An orientation film is formed on the reflective metal film. By the electric field applied in the liquid crystal layer so as to be in the light shielding state when the retardation .DELTA.n.sub.1 d.sub.1 of the liquid crystal cell and the retardation .DELTA.n.sub.2 d.

Abstract: A full-color liquid crystal display device is provided which includes: a first substrate formed with a plurality of liquid crystal driving active elements; and first, second and third liquid crystal cells stacked one on another on an inter-layer film formed on the first substrate; the first liquid crystal cell including a first liquid crystal driving electrode connected to a first liquid crystal driving active element formed on the first substrate; the second liquid crystal cell formed on the second substrate and including a second liquid crystal driving electrode connected to a second liquid crystal driving active element formed on the first substrate via a lower stereo-interconnection extending through the first liquid crystal cell; the third liquid crystal cell formed on the third substrate and including a third liquid crystal driving electrode connected to a third liquid crystal driving active element formed on the first substrate via another lower stereo-interconnection extending through the first liquid

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is disclosed. The display device uses a phase transition type guest-host mode. The device is made with a pair of substrates (31, 45). One substrate is a transparent substrate and having a transparent electrode (47) and an aligning film (48) formed in this order. The other substrate is located opposite to the transparent substrate and has an insulating film (34), a reflection plate (38), and an aligning film (44) formed in this order. The reflection plate has projections (42a,b) at the surface. The aligning films are subjected to a vertical aligning treatment relative to the respective substrates. A liquid crystal composition is disposed between the aligning films, and has a nematic liquid crystal, a chiral additive and a two-tone pigment. A helical pitch (P.sub.o) of the liquid crystal composition and the cell thickness (d) of the liquid crystal display device satisfy the relation of 1.5<d/P.sub.o .gtoreq.4.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device which includes a first substrate and a second substrate, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, electrodes for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer to control a retardation of the liquid crystal layer, a plurality of pixels, and at least one polarizer disposed outside of the first substrate, wherein the first substrate positioned between the polarizer and the liquid crystal layer includes an optical phase compensation means which includes a first region having a first retardation and a second region having a second retardation, whereby a color of emitted light from each of the plurality of regions is selected to be a specific one, in accordance with the retardations of the optical phase compensation means and the retardation of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: When forming reflection electrodes on a thin film transistor which is a switching element, it is formed on irregular plural bumps, an organic insulating film possessing bumps corresponding to the bumps is formed, and the reflection electrodes are formed thereon. Since the reflection electrodes are formed on the organic insulating film, there is no effect of the thin film transistor, and the reflection electrodes may be formed as largely as possible in a range capable of maintaining the insulation between adjacent reflection electrodes, so that the opening rate may be enhanced to 90% or more.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to improve the display quality of a reflection type liquid crystal display device. A gate bus wiring, a source bus wiring, and a TFT are formed on an insulating substrate, and an organic insulating film having bumps is formed on them. A light shield film is formed in the region above the TFT on the surface of the organic insulating film, and a reflection electrode is formed in the other region. The reflection electrode is separated from the light shield film by a gap. An orientation film is further formed on these components complete one substrate. The one substrate is bonded through a liquid crystal layer to the other substrate having a light emitting insulating substrate, a color filter, a transparent electrode, and an orientation film.

Abstract: A reflective substrate is provided, in which an electrode made of a material having an optical reflecting function is provided above an insulating base substrate and an upper surface of the electrode has a continuous wave shape without any flat portions. A method for manufacturing the reflective substrate includes the steps of: forming a plurality of convex portions with two or more different heights in a region where the electrode is provided; forming a polymer resin film, which has an upper surface in a continuous wave shape without any flat portions, on the substrate with the convex portions; and forming the electrode made of a material having an optical reflecting function on the polymer resin film so that the electrode has a continuous wave shape.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to enhance the display quality of reflection type liquid crystal display device having the constitutions of an organic insulating film is formed on a thin film transistor formed on a substrate, and contact holes and bumps are formed at the positions for forming reflection electrodes on the organic insulating film. The reflection electrodes are formed thereon, and drain electrodes and reflection electrodes 38 are connected through the contact holes. The effect of this invention is since the bumps are formed only in the portions of the reflection electrodes, patterning of the reflection electrodes is easy, and insulation failure between source bus wirings and reflection electrodes does not occur, and the display quality is enhanced.

Abstract: A reflective-type liquid crystal display device and a method for producing same, the reflective-type liquid crystal display device including a transmissive substrate including pixel electrodes, a reflection plate comprising a core plate having an uneven surface on one side thereof and a metal thin layer covering the uneven surface of the substrate, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the substrate and the reflection plate.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device comprising a reflector with a number of small convex portions of the same shape is provided. The reflector is formed by patterning a photosensitive resin applied to one surface of a core substrate to a predetermined pattern so as to form a number of small convex portions, heat-treating the surface having the convex portions, and covering the surface with a reflective film. By suitably selecting the shape of the convex portions, the reflective properties of the reflector are controlled.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a plurality of laminated liquid crystal layers and a transparent substrate interposed between the liquid crystal layers, the transparent substrate being formed of an aggregate of optical fibers arranged so that a ray may be introduced between main and back surfaces of the substrate, whereby aberration of a display image of adjacent liquid crystal layers caused by a difference of a viewing angle can be prevented.