Abstract: A light receiving section of an optical pyrometer enables accurate temperature measurement of molten metal with minimum cost. The light receiving section of the optical pyrometer comprises a cylindrical member 1 made of a paper sleeve 2 with a quartz cap 4 sealed to the front end of the paper sleeve 2 using refractory material 3. An open end of the quartz cap 4 is oriented outwardly with respect to the cylindrical member 1 while the closed end 41 of the quartz cap 4 provides a light transmission window for transmitting radiant rays from the molten metal 24 to the optical pyrometer 21.

Abstract: A temperature pattern distribution measuring method and apparatus by which portions of light from parts of an area of an object whose temperature distribution pattern is to be measured, and whose parts are in a predetermined pattern, are passed through first and second optical filters which respectively pass different wavelengths of light. The level of engery passed by the respective filters for the respective portions of light are determined by scanning the light from the filters with a pickup device or devices and, by using the determined energy levels, an arithmetic unit carries out a two-color temperature determining operation for the respective parts of the area for determining the temperature on each part of the area of the object. The temperature pattern of the area of the object can thereby be determined from the temperatures of the parts of the area.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the opening and closing of windows in a greenhouse or other structure which includes temperature sensing means for producing a control signal, means for producing a second control signal corresponding to a temperature at which the windows are to be opened, means actuated by the windows for producing a third control signal, means comparing the third signal with the first and second signals to produce a comparison signal which functions to operate motors to open and close said windows.