Abstract: The present invention provides a small-sized and inexpensive semiconductor device wherein a synchronous dynamic random access memory and a flash memory are built in a single encapsulater. A flash memory chip and a synchronous dynamic random access memory chip (SDRAM chip) are fixed to a main surface of a wiring board in a parallel state, and another SDRAM chip is fixed onto the flash memory chip. Electrodes for the respective semiconductor chips are respectively exposed and these electrodes are connected to their corresponding electrodes of the wiring board. An encapsulater formed of an insulating resin is formed on the main surface side of the wiring board so as to cover wires. Since the encapsulater is formed by cutting a block encapsulater formed by block molding by dicing, the side faces of the encapsulater result in cut surfaces. Bump electrodes are provided on the back surface of the wiring board in an array fashion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a small-sized and inexpensive semiconductor device wherein a synchronous dynamic random access memory and a flash memory are built in a single encapsulater. A flash memory chip and a synchronous dynamic random access memory chip (SDRAM chip) are fixed to a main surface of a wiring board in a parallel state, and another SDRAM chip is fixed onto the flash memory chip. Electrodes for the respective semiconductor chips are respectively exposed and these electrodes are connected to their corresponding electrodes of the wiring board. An encapsulater formed of an insulating resin is formed on the main surface side of the wiring board so as to cover wires. Since the encapsulater is formed by cutting a block encapsulater formed by block molding by dicing, the side faces of the encapsulater result in cut surfaces. Bump electrodes are provided on the back surface of the wiring board in an array fashion.

Abstract: Provided herein is a process for producing methanol which was developed to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide which is responsible for global warming. The process involves the steps of generating steam by the use of nuclear heat of a high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor, decomposing the steam into hydrogen by means of a steam electrolyzer, and synthesizing methanol from this hydrogen and carbon dioxide obtained from a carbon dioxide source. The process also involves the steps of converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen into carbon monoxide and steam by means of a reverse shift reactor, forming hydrogen and carbon monoxide of almost the same composition as the conventional one, and reacting said hydrogen and carbon monoxide into methanol by means of a methanol synthesis column. The process permits the use of an existing methanol production facility.

Abstract: A process for producing methanol reduces the emission of carbon dioxide which is responsible for global warming. The process involves the steps of generating steam by the use of nuclear heat of a high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor, decomposing the steam into hydrogen with a steam electrolyzer, and synthesizing methanol from this hydrogen and carbon dioxide obtained from a carbon dioxide source. The process also involves the steps of converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen into carbon monoxide and steam by carrying out a reverse shift reactor, forming hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and reacting the hydrogen and carbon monoxide into methanol in a methanol synthesis column. The process permits the use of an existing methanol production facility. The process may be modified such that the gas composed of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen is mixed with hydrogen gas generated by the steam electrolyzer, and the resulting gas is converted into methanol.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte fuel cell with various improved features has been described. The cell comprises many unit cells each having a structure in which there are laminated a gas-permeable oxygen electrode made from an electron-conducting material, a solid electrolyte consisting of a (CeO.sub.2).sub.1-x (CaO).sub.x (x=0.05 to 0.8) binary system or a third component-containing (CeO.sub.2).sub.1-x (CaO).sub.x (x=0.05 to 0.8) system and a gas-permeable fuel electrode made from an electron-conducting material on a gas-permeable support, many unit cells being connected to each other in series with interconnectors by subjecting end portions of the electrolytes to a masking treatment or the like.

Abstract: A process and apparartus for gasifying coal or other carbon containing material in which at least a gas stream communicates which comprises providing a fluidizing bed reaction chamber disposed upstream and a jet-system reaction chamber disposed downstream, providing means for supplying an object of gasification such as coal and a gasifying agent in said jet-system reaction chamber, providing a dust removing device at the exit flue of said jet-system reaction chamber, said fluidizing bed reaction chamber having a system of supplying collected solid of said dust removing device, means for supplying a gasifying agent and means for taking out ashes.

Abstract: The invention is a filter which comprises a porous support covered by carbonaceous fibers having a carbon content of at least 85%, wherein the individual fibers have a length in the range of from 0.1 to 5 mm and a diameter in the range of from 1 to 50 .mu. and acidic groups in a concentration of at least 0.01 meq/g on their surface. The filter is particularly useful for removing substances from water in a supply system for a steam generator.