Abstract: A Global Positioning System (GPS) forms a C/A code sequence by summing, beginning from a polarity inversion boundary determined by a correlation peak position detector, chips at corresponding positions in PN frames constituting each bit of navigation data; calculates pseudo ranges by computing correlation between the C/A code sequence and a reference C/A code sequence generated by the GPS terminal; and determines the position of the GPS terminal using the pseudo ranges and navigation data. The navigation data detected inside the GPS terminal is used when a received electric field detected by a received electric field intensity detector is greater than a threshold level, and the navigation data received from an external system is used when the received electric field is below the threshold level. Thus, the number of PN frames to be integrated is limited because the polarity inversion boundaries of the navigation data are detected, and hence the sensitivity (S/N ratio) is sufficient.

Abstract: The present invention provides a radio receiver which is capable of automatically identifying the region from which a specific frequency is being received, for example, the name of a city or the like only by receiving the frequency therefrom. In the radio receiver according to the present invention as above, first all the reception frequencies within a broadcast reception band are swept to detect the relationship between each of the reception frequencies and level of the electric field intensity of each reception frequency, whereby all the reception frequencies are divided into two groups; the first and second groups, depending on the level of the electric field of each reception frequency.

Abstract: The navigation system using GPS signals from satellites first checks whether or not there are four or more satellites in radio range of the moving body. If so, the position calculation section performs an ordinary three-dimensional positioning operation to provide an accurate fix of the moving body. When the number of satellites within the radio range is three or less, the two-dimensional positioning operation is carried out, which comprises reading the previous altitude data from the altitude storage section; calculating the atmospheric pressure deviation from the atmospheric pressure sensor output as caused by the movement of the body; calculating the altitude deviation from the previous altitude data and the atmospheric pressure deviation; calculating the current altitude from the altitude deviation and the previous altitude data; and then calculating the two-dimensional position data from the GPS signals and the current altitude data.

Abstract: An on-board vehicle position detector includes a dead reckoning position detector 4 and a GPS receiver 6, the outputs of which are stored in the dead reckoner data memory unit 8 and the GPS data memory unit 7, respectively, at a predetermined sampling period. Usually, the position of the vehicle is determined on the basis of the data obtained via the GPS receiver 6. When, however, the vehicle travel distance between two successive sampling times as determined via the GPS receiver 6 becomes abnormally large, the position data of the dead reckoning position detector 4 is selected.

Abstract: In a global positioning system (GPS)/self-contained combination type navigation system for a vehicle, the GPS navigation data are received by the GPS antenna of the navigation system which are simultaneously transmitted from more than 3 pieces of satellites inclusively. From the GPS navigation data, GPS type velocity data is calculated, whereas self-contained type velocity data is calculated from self-contained type navigation data such as azimuth data and drive-distance data of the vehicle. Only when a difference between the self-contained type velocity data and the GPS type velocity data exceeds a threshold velocity, the GPS type velocity data is voided so as to determine the present position of the vehicle.

Abstract: A navigator for use aboard a vehicle includes means for detecting the running distance of the vehicle, means for detecting the angle of the advancing direction of the vehicle with reference to terrestrial magnetism, arithmetic operational means for calculating the coordinates of the position of the vehicle in response to the detected running distance and angle of direction, a memory for storing data regarding the coordinates of the points of correction set at intersections of roads on a map corresponding to an area in which the vehicle is traveling, the distances between the points of correction, and the angles of roads branching from the points of correction with reference to terrestrial magnetism, a locating means for judging whether the vehicle is within a predetermined distance from a point of correction by comparing the coordinates of the present position of the vehicle with the coordinates of the points of correction stored in the memory, a means for judging whether the vehicle has made a turn, and a se

Abstract: A radio receiver which includes a phase locked loop including a voltage controlled oscillator which is connected to a frequency mixer, a two modulus prescaler having a feedback down counter and to a programmable divider. During the reception of a first broadcasting station, a control unit decreases the time constant of the phase locked loop for an extremely short time and sets frequency division ratios of the down counter and the programmable divider so as to receive a second broadcasting station. The two modulus prescaler frequency divides an output from the voltage controlled oscillator at a frequency division ratio 1/(P+1) until the count of the down counter is equal to zero. Then, the prescaler effects a frequency division at a frequency division ratio of 1/P. The phase locked loop is locked to the second station and its reception level is sensed.

Abstract: An article carton, formed from a single sheet blank of foldable material having a plurality of fold lines forming interconnected carton forming panels, a portion of the blank having plurality of cutouts, said portion of the blank being folded to partially preform an interior article spacer and positioning partition. The carton panels are foldable at the fold lines to form an enclosed erected carton, the preformed partition in erected carton form including horizontal and vertical web portions respectively inter-engaging with panels forming the erected carton and thereby providing both partition and carton strength and rigidity. Cutouts in the horizontal web portion of the partition means receive and space the articles placed in the carton.