Abstract: A filtration apparatus having one or more upright tubular filter elements having a surface coated with a pre-coat layer of a filter aid through which a liquid is filtered. Different from conventional apparatuses, the filter element of the present invention is provided with a gas exhaust tube or liquid drain tube connected to the upper or lower part of the filter element, respectively. By virtue of this means, the liquid used for forming the pre-coat layer as the suspension medium can be completely discharged out of the apparatus prior to introduction of the liquid to be filtered so that the liquid in the apparatus can be switched from the pre-coat forming liquid to the filtered liquid without producing a mixture thereof, and without causing defects in the pre-coat layer.

Abstract: A method of covering an abrasion of a glass container comprising coating said container with an aqueous dispersion of a coating material comprising the following components:(A) liquid paraffin;(B) at least one fatty acid ester selected from the group consisting of sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, glycerin fatty acid esters, and higher alcohol fatty acid esters; and(C) sodium polyacrylate,the amount of each of said components based on the amount by weight of said dispersion is as follows:(A) liquid paraffin: 1 to 25 percent;(B) fatty acid ester: in an amount up to 10 percent;(C) sodium polyacrylate: in an amount up to 5 percent.