Abstract: A wrist mechanism of an industrial robot provided at the extremity of the robot arm (20) and having two degrees of freedom of motion enabling a wrist unit (30) to perform a tilting motion and a swivel motion about two substantially perpendicular intersecting axes respectively. Either a motion transmitting mechanism for the tilting motion of the wrist unit or a motion transmitting mechanism for the swivel motion of the wrist unit (80, 82, 90, 92, 96) is provided with a bevel gear mechanism (96) to change the direction of motion transmission through an angle of 90.degree.. Overtravel detecting means (110a, 110b, 120a, 120b) for detecting the overtravel of both the above-mentioned motions and datum position of motion detecting means (112a, 112b, 122a, 122b) are coaxially arranged about one of the above-mentioned perpendicular intersecting axes.

Abstract: In an absolute position detecting system for a servocontrol system operatively controlled according to a numerical control program or the like, the absolute position of an operating shaft is detected with a high accuracy based on outputs of a resolver 106 and an absolute encoder 110. The resolver 106 and absolute encoder 110 rotate with a servomotor 105 at a prescribed revolution ratio, so that variations in the absolute position of the operating shaft at the time of a malfunction in the servocontrol system can be stabilized quickly.

Abstract: A robot hand adapted to be secured to the extremity of a robot arm or a robot wrist of an industrial robot has a finger operating unit provided with a fluid pressure operated piston reciprocating in a cylinder body and a piston rod integral with the piston and having a finger mount, and at least two finger units detachably attached to the finger operating unit. Each finger unit has a fixed finger member and a movable finger member.

Abstract: A double hand for an industrial robot comprises a hand body, two sets of work clamping units and two sets of actuators to drive the work clamping units, respectively, for opening and closing motions. The hand body has a rear end attachable to the free end of the robot wrist of an industrial robot, a front end and opposite sides extending between the front end and the rear end. Each work clamping unit has a pair of gripping fingers and the pairs of gripping fingers of the two sets of work gripping units are supported pivotally at the roots thereof on the opposite sides of the hand body for turning motion. The paired gripping fingers are turned about the respective roots thereof in opposite directions by the associated actuator.

Abstract: A robot hand provided with fingers driven by a double acting cylinder and supplied working liquid pressure through two, 2-position, 5-port-type, single solenoid, electromagnetic valves, wherein: (a) an outlet of a first electromagnetic valve is connected with the inlet thereof in response to the ON position of the solenoid thereof and is connected with the inlet of a first chamber of the double acting cylinder; (b) an outlet of a second electromagnetic valve is connected with the inlet thereof in response to the OFF position of a second chamber of the double acting cylinder; (c) an outlet of the first electromagnetic valve is connected with the inlet thereof in response to the OFF position of the solenoid thereof and is plugged; (d) an outlet of the second electromagnetic valve is connected with the inlet thereof in response to the ON position of the solenoid thereof and is plugged; and (e) a working liquid pressure source is connected with the inlet of the first and second electromagnetic valves.

Abstract: A swivel device for supporting a swivel unit thereon, including a hollow main frame and a comparatively slender rotatable shaft disposed upright within the hollow frame, connectable to the swivel unit at the upper end thereof and connected to a driving source at the lower end thereof through a transmission mechanism. All control cables and conduits for controlling the mechanisms mounted on the swivel unit are accommodated in the space formed within the hollow frame around the upright shaft.

Abstract: An industrial robot having a trunk mounted for vertical and rotational movement on a stationary base is provided with two arm members extensible from the said trunk having a robot wrist mechanism attached to their ends. The extending and contracting movements of the arm members, rotational movement of the wrist and swinging movement of the wrist are controlled, respectively, by three electric servo motors mounted in a mounting compartment positioned on the side of the trunk opposite to the extensible arms.

Abstract: An industrial robot, having a manipulative robot hand for mounted on a vertically movable portion thereof moved by a vertical drive, provided with a load reducing pneumatic cylinder for applying a constant upward force to the vertically movable portion during the vertical movement of the portion and an air storage tank or tanks directly connected to the pneumatic cylinder for continuously supplying air under a desired fixed pressure. The upward force contributes to reducing a load applied to the vertical drive. The air storage tank or tanks contributes to ensuring mechanical rigidity of the industrial robot.

Abstract: A wrist mechanism for an industrial robot having a robot casing, robot arms capable of extending from and contracting to the robot casing, a robot hand for gripping a workpiece, and a wrist arranged between the robot arms and the robot hand, comprises: two reduction gears with a high reduction ratio connected respectively to each of two high speed rotational driving motors, the two reduction gears cooperating with one another for generating two individual reduced rotational outputs, and; two transmitting mechanisms, connectable to the hand, for transmitting respectively the two reduced rotational outputs to the hand, thereby causing respectively rotational motion and swinging motion of the hand.