Abstract: Disclosed herein are a microfluidic device that has a simple structure and is capable of performing perfusion culture and forming a cell layer barrier keeping a uniform cell density and a method for using such a microfluidic device. A microfluidic device includes a first substrate, a second substrate partially bonded to the first substrate, a first channel, a second channel, and a third channel which extend between the first substrate and the second substrate, first channel ports and connected to the first channel, at least one second channel port connected to the second channel, and at least one third channel port connected to the third channel, wherein a principal surface-side wall surface of the first channel is closer to a principal surface than a principal surface-side wall surface of the second channel and a principal surface-side wall surface of the third channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control device for a continuously variable transmission (4) that has, as forward speed change stages, a first speed change stage (32) and a second speed change stage (33).

Abstract: CVT controller has rotation speed sensors detecting driving and driven wheel rotation speed; driving and driven wheel speed difference detection unit detecting wheel speed difference ?vfr; and bad road judgment unit judging that road is bad road when ?vfr is first value ?vfr_br or greater. CVT controller further has first belt clamping force increase unit increasing belt clamping force in case where road is judged to be bad road, as compared with case where road is not judged to be bad road; vibration detection unit detecting vehicle speed vibration fvsp; and second belt clamping force increase unit increasing belt clamping force when ?vfr is second value ?vfr_psec or greater or when fvsp is third value fvsp_psec or greater in case where road is not judged to be bad road, as compared with case where ?vfr is less than ?vfr_psec and case where fvsp is less than fvsp_psec.

Abstract: A first target secondary pulley pressure Psteng is calculated based on an output torque Teng of an engine, and then an offset value Psteng+PO is calculated by adding a predetermined offset PO to the first target secondary pulley pressure Psteng. The first target secondary pulley pressure Psteng is outputted as a target secondary pulley pressure Ps(n) when a target secondary pulley pressure Ps(n?1) in a previous control cycle is less than or equal to the first target secondary pulley pressure Psteng; the offset value Psteng+PO is outputted as the target secondary pulley pressure Ps(n) when the target secondary pulley pressure Ps(n?1) in the previous control cycle is greater than or equal to the offset value Psteng+PO; and otherwise, the target secondary pulley pressure Ps(n?1) in the previous control cycle is outputted as the target secondary pulley pressure Ps(n), thereby suppressing an oscillation in the target secondary pulley pressure Ps(n).

Abstract: Control device for continuously variable transmission has continuously variable transmission mechanism (CVT) transmitting power with belt (7) wound around primary and secondary pulley (5, 6); torque convertor (2) having pump impeller (20), turbine runner (21) and lock-up clutch (2a); and control unit (10) controlling lock-up clutch (2a) to predetermined engagement state and controlling the CVT to predetermined transmission ratio, according to travelling condition.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission (100), wherein pressure equalization control is performed to make line pressure (PL) equal to secondary pressure (Psec) when prescribed start conditions are satisfied. During pressure equalization control, a secondary pressure indicated value (Psec_co) is raised by a prescribed amount (S10), then a line pressure indicated value (PL_co) is gradually decreased (S30). If determination is made that line pressure is the same as the secondary pressure after secondary actual pressure (Psec) is lowered (S40), then the line pressure is controlled so that the secondary actual pressure (Psec) becomes the secondary pressure indicated value (Psec_co) (S50). At the start of pressure equalization control, if the difference (?Psec) found by subtracting the secondary pressure indicated value from the secondary actual value is negative (S120), then a primary pressure indicated value is corrected on the basis of the difference (S130).

Abstract: Greater one of a secondary pressure comparison reference value (Psec_b) and a primary pressure comparison reference value (Ppri_b) is set as a line pressure target value (Plin_tg). At a vehicle constant speed travel control, a value obtained by adding a first offset amount (?) to the secondary pressure target value (Psec_tg) is the secondary pressure comparison reference value (Psec_b) and a value obtained by adding a second offset amount (?) to the primary pressure target value (Ppri_tg) is the primary pressure comparison reference value (Ppri_b). By setting a line pressure in this manner, an occurrence of fluctuation of an engine speed at during executing the vehicle constant speed travel control is suppressed.

Abstract: CVT controller has rotation speed sensors detecting driving and driven wheel rotation speed; driving and driven wheel speed difference detection unit detecting wheel speed difference ?vfr; and bad road judgment unit judging that road is bad road when ?vfr is first value ?vfr_br or greater. CVT controller further has first belt clamping force increase unit increasing belt clamping force in case where road is judged to be bad road, as compared with case where road is not judged to be bad road; vibration detection unit detecting vehicle speed vibration fvsp; and second belt clamping force increase unit increasing belt clamping force when ?vfr is second value ?vfr_psec or greater or when fvsp is third value fvsp_psec or greater in case where road is not judged to be bad road, as compared with case where ?vfr is less than ?vfr_psec and case where fvsp is less than fvsp_psec.

Abstract: A CVTECU includes a secondary-pressure control section and a line-pressure control section that performs a same-pressure control to equalize a line pressure and a secondary pressure with each other if a predetermined start condition is satisfied. The line-pressure control section realizes a same-pressure state between the line pressure and the secondary pressure by lowering the line pressure below a target secondary pressure, and then controls the line pressure such that an actual secondary pressure is brought to the target secondary pressure by hydraulic feedback control while maintaining the same-pressure state. The secondary-pressure control section includes a restriction section that restricts an accumulation of integral term of an integral action for a duration between a time point at which the actual secondary pressure starts to be pushed down and a time point at which the same-pressure state between the line pressure and the secondary pressure is realized.

Abstract: A hydraulic control device controls hydraulic pressure supplied to a continuously variable transmission. The hydraulic control device includes a pressure regulating valve, a solenoid valve configured to control the pilot pressure, line pressure control means, and hydraulic control means. The pressure regulating valve includes an input port to which line pressure is input, an output port configured to supply an oil chamber of a second pulley with a second pulley pressure, a drain port configured to discharge the second pulley pressure from the oil chamber, and a spool moving according to pilot pressure to regulate the second pulley pressure. The line pressure control means is configured to control the line pressure on the basis of the second pulley pressure and first pulley pressure of first pulley. The hydraulic control means is configured to temporarily change the pilot pressure from set pressure to configure the line pressure identical to the second pulley pressure.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a continuously variable transmission (1) that includes a belt-type continuously variable transmission mechanism (40) and friction engagement elements (32), (33) is disclosed. The control apparatus includes: an operation position detection section (65) configured to detect an operation position of a selection lever (50); a selection control section (60b) configured to execute a selection control for engaging the friction engagement elements (32), (33) from a time point at which a switching from a non-travel range to a travel range is detected; a determination section (60) configured to determine engagement states of the friction engagement elements (32, 33); and a pulley pressure control section (60c) configured to control a pulley pressure supplied to two pulleys (41), (42). A belt slippage during an engagement of clutches is suppressed while a load on an oil pump is reduced.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission (100), wherein pressure equalization control is performed to make line pressure (PL) equal to secondary pressure (Psec) when prescribed start conditions are satisfied. During pressure equalization control, a secondary pressure indicated value (Psec_co) is raised by a prescribed amount (S10), then a line pressure indicated value (PL_co) is gradually decreased (S30). If determination is made that line pressure is the same as the secondary pressure after secondary actual pressure (Psec) is lowered (S40), then the line pressure is controlled so that the secondary actual pressure (Psec) becomes the secondary pressure indicated value (Psec_co) (S50). At the start of pressure equalization control, if the difference (?Psec) found by subtracting the secondary pressure indicated value from the secondary actual value is negative (S120), then a primary pressure indicated value is corrected on the basis of the difference (S130).

Abstract: A first target secondary pulley pressure Psteng is calculated based on an output torque Teng of an engine, and then an offset value Psteng+PO is calculated by adding a predetermined offset PO to the first target secondary pulley pressure Psteng. The first target secondary pulley pressure Psteng is outputted as a target secondary pulley pressure Ps(n) when a target secondary pulley pressure Ps(n?1) in a previous control cycle is less than or equal to the first target secondary pulley pressure Psteng; the offset value Psteng+PO is outputted as the target secondary pulley pressure Ps(n) when the target secondary pulley pressure Ps(n?1) in the previous control cycle is greater than or equal to the offset value Psteng+PO; and otherwise, the target secondary pulley pressure Ps(n?1) in the previous control cycle is outputted as the target secondary pulley pressure Ps(n), thereby suppressing an oscillation in the target secondary pulley pressure Ps(n).

Abstract: A transmission controller searches a mechanical High, which is a minimum value of a possible speed ratio of the continuously variable transmission (CVT), based on an actual speed ratio, sets a control High lower than the mechanical High by a predetermined amount, and controls a speed ratio of the CVT by setting a minimum value of a speed ratio range of the CVT at the control High.

Abstract: There is provided an oil pressure control device for a belt-type continuously variable transmission which includes two pulleys and a belt, wherein each of the two pulleys has a movable sheave which moves by oil pressure supplied to a hydraulic chamber, wherein the oil pressure control device calculates a request torque according to a running state, wherein when calculating the oil pressure which is supplied to the hydraulic chamber of the movable sheave on the basis of the request torque, the oil pressure control device reduces the request torque if the request torque is greater by a predetermined value or more than an actual input torque which is inputted to the belt-type continuously variable transmission. Accordingly, it is possible to provide an oil pressure control device for a belt-type continuously variable transmission with which undesirable vibration can be avoided by means of stable speed-ratio control.

Abstract: In a hydraulic control circuit including a solenoid valve, whose change responsiveness in an actual pressure with respect to a change in an instructional pressure deteriorates when the instructional pressure enters a dead band region on a lower pressure side than a dead band threshold, for adjusting a hydraulic pressure supplied to a hydraulic device operated by the hydraulic pressure based on the instructional pressure, the instructional pressure is increased in a stepwise manner to a charge pressure higher than the dead band threshold, when the instructional pressure is set in the dead band region and the instructional pressure increases within the dead band region to such an extent that a speed ratio does not change. Then, a lower limit of the instructional pressure is set to the dead band threshold, and use of the dead band region is prohibited for a certain period of time.

Abstract: A CVTECU includes a secondary-pressure control section and a line-pressure control section that performs a same-pressure control to equalize a line pressure and a secondary pressure with each other if a predetermined start condition is satisfied. The line-pressure control section realizes a same-pressure state between the line pressure and the secondary pressure by lowering the line pressure below a target secondary pressure, and then controls the line pressure such that an actual secondary pressure is brought to the target secondary pressure by hydraulic feedback control while maintaining the same-pressure state. The secondary-pressure control section includes a restriction section that restricts an accumulation of integral term of an integral action for a duration between a time point at which the actual secondary pressure starts to be pushed down and a time point at which the same-pressure state between the line pressure and the secondary pressure is realized.

Abstract: A hydraulic control device controls hydraulic pressure supplied to a continuously variable transmission. The hydraulic control device includes a pressure regulating valve, a solenoid valve configured to control the pilot pressure, line pressure control means, and hydraulic control means. The pressure regulating valve includes an input port to which line pressure is input, an output port configured to supply an oil chamber of a second pulley with a second pulley pressure, a drain port configured to discharge the second pulley pressure from the oil chamber, and a spool moving according to pilot pressure to regulate the second pulley pressure. The line pressure control means is configured to control the line pressure on the basis of the second pulley pressure and first pulley pressure of first pulley. The hydraulic control means is configured to temporarily change the pilot pressure from set pressure to configure the line pressure identical to the second pulley pressure.

Abstract: Control device for continuously variable transmission has continuously variable transmission mechanism (CVT) transmitting power with belt (7) wound around primary and secondary pulley (5, 6); torque convertor (2) having pump impeller (20), turbine runner (21) and lock-up clutch (2a); and control unit (10) controlling lock-up clutch (2a) to predetermined engagement state and controlling the CVT to predetermined transmission ratio, according to travelling condition.

Abstract: A control device for a belt-type continuously variable transmission CVT includes an engine 1, a belt-type continuously-variable transmitting mechanism 4; a forward/reverse switching mechanism 3 including a forward clutch 31 and a reverse brake 32; and a hydraulic control circuit 71 configured to control a pulley hydraulic pressure and engagement-element pressures for the forward clutch 31 and the reverse brake 32. The control device includes a selection control means for outputting a pulley hydraulic command to obtain an idle-time clamping pressure which is higher than an idle-time minimum pressure (idle-time MIN-pressure) calculated from an input torque, to the hydraulic control circuit 71, when the engine 1 is in operation during a selection of N-range. A position of an element clearance generated in the belt can be maintained even if drag torque is inputted.