Abstract: An optical module includes an optical modulator that performs optical modulation of transmission data, an optical modulator controller that controls the optical modulator, a memory that stores corresponding relationships between temperatures and set data with which modulation of the optical modulator is to be performed at an operating point voltage, a temperature sensor that measures a temperature in the optical module; and a setting circuit that refers the memory and searches for set data corresponding to measured temperature, and set the set data to the optical modulator controller.

Abstract: A digital content protection method includes distributing, together with an encrypted content, an encrypted protected program key, a protected content key, and a protected code including an individual instruction code, at least some elements of which are designed according to a unique operation code specification for each content player or for each content player group.

Abstract: A digital content protection method includes distributing, together with an encrypted content, an encrypted protected program key, a protected content key, and a protected code including an individual instruction code, at least some elements of which are designed according to a unique operation code specification for each content player or for each content player group.

Abstract: In an optical transmission device, firmware that operates within a CPU of a first LIU and firmware that operates within a CPU of a second LIU periodically measure a load status of a CPU via an OS, respectively. Switchover control of a master CPU is performed according to a load status of a CPU measured by the firmware of each LIU. For example, when a load status of the CPU of the second LIU is lower than that of the CPU of the first LIU, a master CPU that performs switchover control of a predetermined port is switched to a slave CPU in the first LIU, and a slave CPU related to the predetermined port is switched to a master CPU in the second LIU, thereby dynamically changing the setting.

Abstract: A communication processing apparatus appends group information representing a group to received communication frames. Group information to be appended to the communication frames is changed on a predetermined cycle. The communication frames processed in each processing unit are counted separately for each of the group information appended, and the count value is collected in each processing unit. With a communication processing apparatus, such as a switch and a router, which has a plurality of processing units (device), performs processing by each of the processing units on the communication frames received from a receiving unit, and transmits the processed communication frames from a transmitting unit, it is possible to realize a communication processing apparatus and a totalizing system capable of accurately counting and collecting the communication frames while performing an operation when totalizing the number of communication frames processed in each of the processing units.

Abstract: In an optical transmission device, firmware that operates within a CPU of a first LIU and firmware that operates within a CPU of a second LIU periodically measure a load status of a CPU via an OS, respectively. Switchover control of a master CPU is performed according to a load status of a CPU measured by the firmware of each LIU. For example, when a load status of the CPU of the second LIU is lower than that of the CPU of the first LIU, a master CPU that performs switchover control of a predetermined port is switched to a slave CPU in the first LIU, and a slave CPU related to the predetermined port is switched to a master CPU in the second LIU, thereby dynamically changing the setting.

Abstract: A frame forwarding apparatus comprises a receiving unit receiving a frame including a source address, a destination address and a VWAN identifier; a converting unit converting a VWAN identifier in the frame into one of degenerate VWAN identifiers that the number of adoptable values thereof is smaller than the number of VWAN identifiers; a storage unit containing at least one entry containing the source address in the frame, a degenerate VWAN identifier that a VWAN identifier in the frame is converted, and path information representing a path via which the frame is received; a retrieving unit retrieving, from said storage unit, an entry corresponding to the destination address in the frame and the degenerate VWAN identifier in the frame; a restoring unit restoring the degenerate VWAN identifier in the frame into the original VWAN identifier; and a transmitting unit transmitting the frame based on the path information in the entry retrieved.

Abstract: An evaluation criterion that evaluates a comparison result of a bandwidth before a bandwidth limitation and a bandwidth after the bandwidth limitation is selected and set in advance in a layer 2 (L2) switch device according to the present invention. An input packet is subjected to the bandwidth limitation and then output. The bandwidth before the bandwidth limitation and the bandwidth after the bandwidth limitation are constantly compared. Next, based on the preset evaluation criterion, the comparison result of the bandwidths is constantly evaluated. The evaluation result is output in real time to an input/output terminal such that the evaluation result can be displayed. When the bandwidth that is limited via the bandwidth limitation exceeds a maximum value of an admissible packet-dropping bandwidth that is set in advance, the excess is notified to a user in real time and the user can take quick countermeasures.

Abstract: A frame forwarding apparatus comprises a receiving unit receiving a frame including a source address, a destination address and a VWAN identifier; a converting unit converting a VWAN identifier in the frame into one of degenerate VWAN identifiers that the number of adoptable values thereof is smaller than the number of VWAN identifiers; a storage unit containing at least one entry containing the source address in the frame, a degenerate VWAN identifier that a VWAN identifier in the frame is converted, and path information representing a path via which the frame is received; a retrieving unit retrieving, from said storage unit, an entry corresponding to the destination address in the frame and the degenerate VWAN identifier in the frame; a restoring unit restoring the degenerate VWAN identifier in the frame into the original VWAN identifier; and a transmitting unit transmitting the frame based on the path information in the entry retrieved.

Abstract: A communication processing apparatus appends group information representing a group to received communication frames. Group information to be appended to the communication frames is changed on a predetermined cycle. The communication frames processed in each processing unit are counted separately for each of the group information appended, and the count value is collected in each processing unit. With a communication processing apparatus, such as a switch and a router, which has a plurality of processing units (device), performs processing by each of the processing units on the communication frames received from a receiving unit, and transmits the processed communication frames from a transmitting unit, it is possible to realize a communication processing apparatus and a totalizing system capable of accurately counting and collecting the communication frames while performing an operation when totalizing the number of communication frames processed in each of the processing units.

Abstract: A communication processing apparatus appends group information representing a group to received communication frames. Group information to be appended to the communication frames is changed on a predetermined cycle. The communication frames processed in each processing unit are counted separately for each of the group information appended, and the count value is collected in each processing unit. With a communication processing apparatus, such as a switch and a router, which has a plurality of processing units (device), performs processing by each of the processing units on the communication frames received from a receiving unit, and transmits the processed communication frames from a transmitting unit, it is possible to realize a communication processing apparatus and a totalizing system capable of accurately counting and collecting the communication frames while performing an operation when totalizing the number of communication frames processed in each of the processing units.

Abstract: A path protection method is disclosed that is capable of path protection without extra cost and able to improve path switching efficiency. The method includes the steps of associating a virtual network identifier assigned to one or more users with a virtual network identifier for management, the virtual network identifier assigned to one or more users being regarded as one path to set a path for current use and a spare path; and when switching the currently-used path and the spare path, according to service class information included in the virtual network identifier for management, a path corresponding to a virtual network identifier for management having a higher service class than other paths is preferentially switched to.

Abstract: A packet communications method whereby reliable and high-speed communication is possible without depending on the processing of other layers, and also whereby the system configuration can be flexibly changed without making circuit changes to the receiving unit. A device on the sending side adds a packet identifier to the packet and sends this packet along with a packet identical to this packet to a device on the receiving side. The device on the receiving side receives the packets sent from the device on the sending side, checks the packets for errors and, based on the packet identifier, determines whether or not the error-free packets have arrived first. If the packet arrived first, the packet with the packet identifier removed is subject to sending to a terminal, but if it arrived last, the packet is not subject to sending to the terminal, so only error-free packets are subject to the determination of whether it arrived first or not, and thus the determination can be performed accurately.

Abstract: An exposure system having an exposure apparatus for transferring a pattern of a first object onto a second object, which includes an exposure apparatus having a detecting system for performing relative alignment of the first object and the second object, a transmitting system for transmitting, to a remote location and through a public data line, a mark detection signal obtained by detection of a mark of the second object made by use of the detecting system and shape information obtained by measurement of a shape of the mark on the second object, and a calculating system for performing calculation of an offset of the exposure apparatus, at the remote location. The calculating system transmits information, including the offset, to the exposure apparatus and through the public data line, and, on the basis of the information including the offset, alignment of the first and second objects is executed by using the detecting system and an exposure process is performed in the exposure apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exposure system having an exposure apparatus for transferring a pattern of a first object onto a second object, which includes an exposure apparatus having a detecting system for performing relative alignment of the first object and the second object, a transmitting system for transmitting, to a remote location and through a public data line, a mark detection signal obtained by detection of a mark of the second object made by use of the detecting system and shape information obtained by measurement of a shape of the mark on the second object, and a calculating system for performing calculation of an offset of the exposure apparatus, at the remote location, wherein the calculating system transmits information, including the offset, to the exposure apparatus and through the public data line, and wherein, on the basis of the information including the offset, alignment of the first and second objects is executed by using the detecting system and an exposure process is performed in the exposure app

Abstract: In a brain-wave analysis apparatus, an electrical brain-wave signal is analyzed for purposes of diagnosis by detecting the time interval between adjacent ones of the intersections of the brain-wave signal with a predetermined level, and the peak value and the wave-form area of the brain-wave signal in the said time interval, or the amplitude value of the brain-wave signal every constant period of time. The said time intervals, peak values, wave form areas, and amplitude values are each classified according to their magnitude, accumulated and stored; and said information is used to prepare histograms. The histograms are analyzed by a processor to obtain their standard deviations, and variations in the standard deviations with time are displayed or recorded to provide a basis for diagnosing living body conditions.