Abstract: An image forming apparatus an image bearing member adapted to bear a toner image and having a first glossiness in a first direction and a second glossiness lower than said first glossiness, and an optical detection unit including a light-emitting unit and a light-receiving unit, wherein a light emitted by the light-emitting unit is reflected by the image bearing member and is received by the light-receiving means and an optical direction from the light-emitting means to the light-receiving means is substantially same as the first direction of the image bearing member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first image bearing member for bearing a toner image; a second image bearing member for bearing the toner image; a transfer member opposed to the first image bearing member with the second image bearing member therebetween, wherein a voltage is applied to the transfer member to transfer the toner image from the first image bearing member onto the second image bearing member, and wherein a resistance Rt of the transfer member and a resistance Rb of the second image bearing member satisfy Rt/Rb?1.0.

Abstract: The invention provides an image forming apparatus including an intermediate transfer belt composed of a resinous material, a transfer member for transferring a toner image on the intermediate transferring belt onto a transfer material, and an opposing member provided to be opposed to the transfer member across the intermediate transferring belt. The transfer member and the opposing member can be mutually pressured, and the intermediate transferring belt and the opposing member have an integrally measured microhardness smaller than 97°. Thus the invention provides an image forming apparatus capable of preventing a transfer unevenness caused at the transfer of the toner image from the intermediate transferring belt to the transfer material, and an intermediate transfer unit which is detachably attachable to the image forming apparatus.

Abstract: The invention provides an image forming apparatus including an image bearing member, an intermediate transferring member for receiving a transfer of a toner image from the image bearing member, a cleaning unit which cleans the toner image on the intermediate transferring member, a first mode for transferring a toner image on the intermediate transferring member onto a transfer material, and a second mode for cleaning the toner image without transfer to the transfer material. It is thus possible to prevent image failures resulting when the intermediate transferring member is started to be used from a new state or when the image forming apparatus is started to be used after a prolonged pause.

Abstract: Objective sequence data (10) which is primary sequence information on an objective protein is entered in an interaction site predicting device by the user. A secondary structure prediction simulation is executed on the objective sequence data (10) entered for secondary structure prediction programs (20a to 20d) that predict a secondary structure of a protein from primary sequence information of the protein. Results of secondary structure prediction (30a to 30d) from the respective secondary structure prediction programs (20a to 20d) are compared (60). Based on the comparison result, frustration of a local portion in the primary sequence information of the objective protein is calculated (70). An interaction site of the objective protein is predicted from the calculated frustration of the local portion (80).

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for adjusting registration to correct distortion and color shift of images on a display screen which comprises RAMs (13) and (15) for storing correction data for deflection used to correct scanning positions of image signals for respective plural adjustment points arranged on the display screen along the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and an Interpolation calculation block (18) for determining the number of interpolation scanning lines being the number of scanning lines which are scanned between the adjustment points corresponding to input image signals as well as for performing interpolation calculation based on the number of interpolation scanning lines for correction waveforms corresponding to display screen position induced from the correction data of the respective adjustment points to generate current signals to be applied to deflection yokes.

Abstract: A user inputs target sequence data that is primary sequence information on a target protein to an interaction site prediction apparatus of this invention. A fragment structure prediction simulation is executed to the target sequence data input to each of fragment structure prediction programs for predicting a fragment structure of the protein from the primary sequence information on the protein. Fragment structure prediction results of the respective fragment structure prediction programs are compared with one another. Based on this comparison result, a frustration of a local part of the primary sequence information on the target protein is calculated. An interaction site in the target protein is predicted based on the calculated frustration of the local part.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming apparatus comprising an image bearing member for bearing a toner image, a movable intermediate transferring member, a first charging member for charging toner on the intermediate transferring member when it is applied with a voltage including an AC component, and a second charging member for charging toner on the intermediate transferring member when it is applied with a DC voltage, the second charging member being located on an upstream side of the first charging member with respect to a moving direction of the intermediate transferring member, wherein a toner image on the image bearing member is temporarily transferred to the intermediate transferring member and then transferred to a transfer material.

Abstract: According to a protein structure prediction device, which structure cluster a sequence present around a sequence A and resembling the sequence A belongs to in a structure space (which structure cluster a sequence belongs to when the sequence resembles in what way) is determined by calculation, and a virtual cluster is created around the sequence. When an unknown structure sequence fragment X is given, information on whether the fragment resembles sequence A or C is collected, virtual clusters are combined depending on the information, and a which structure cluster the sequence belongs to is predicted finally.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photosensitive member rotated at a peripheral speed of 150 mm/second or more and a specific toner. The toner has a weight-average particle diameter from 5 to 12 &mgr;m, and of the toner having a circle-equivalent diameter of 3 &mgr;m or more, particles with a circularity of 0.900 or more are present at a rate of 90% or more in a number-based cumulative valve. The toner also satisfies one of two sets of conditions defined by the relationship between a cut rate and a weight-average particle diameter and the relationship between a number-based cumulative valve and a weight-average particle diameter. The cut rate Z is represented by the expression: Z=(1−B/A)×100 wherein A is a concentration of all the measured particles and B is a concentration of the measured particles whose circle-equivalent diameters are 3 &mgr;m or more.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus an image bearing member adapted to bear a toner image and having a first glossiness in a first direction and a second glossiness lower than said first glossiness, and an optical detection unit including a light-emitting unit and a light-receiving unit, wherein a light emitted by the light-emitting unit is reflected by the image bearing member and is received by the light-receiving means and an optical direction from the light-emitting means to the light-receiving means is substantially same as the first direction of the image bearing member.

Abstract: The invention provides an image forming apparatus including an image bearing member, an intermediate transferring member for receiving a transfer of a toner image from the image bearing member, a cleaning unit which cleans the toner image on the intermediate transferring member, a first mode for transferring a toner image on the intermediate transferring member onto a transfer material, and a second mode for cleaning the toner image without transfer to the transfer material. It is thus possible to prevent image failures resulting when the intermediate transferring member is started to be used from a new state or when the image forming apparatus is started to be used after a prolonged pause.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first image bearing member for bearing a toner image; a second image bearing member for bearing the toner image; a transfer member opposed to said first image bearing member with said second image bearing member therebetween, wherein a voltage is applied to said transfer member to transfer the toner image from said first image bearing member on the second image bearing member, and wherein a resistance Rt of said transfer member and a resistance Rb of said second image bearing member satisfy Rt/Rb≧1.0.

Abstract: When an image is displayed on a display screen having a larger display area than a displayed image, a size of the displayed image is minutely changed cyclically in order to avoid boundary lines to be recognized when a full size image is displayed on the display screen of the display device. Direction of the size change of the displayed image is in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction. In this case additional non-image signal is added to top, bottom, left and/or right of the displayed image.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; a belt for transferring an image from the image bearing member onto a recording material; transferring means for transferring the image from the image bearing member toward the belt; wherein the transferring means presses against the image bearing member through the belt; a tension member for applying tension the belt; wherein the belt is extended around the transferring means and the tension member; releasing means for releasing a tension applied to the belt by the tension member; separating means for separating the transferring means from the belt.

Abstract: When an image having an aspect ratio of 16:9 is compressed in a vertical direction to be displayed on a display screen having an aspect ratio of 4:3, a gray scale signal is inserted into a top and a bottom of an image signal and a brightness level of the inserted gray scale signal is made to correspond to an average brightness level of the image signal. In addition, when an image having an aspect ratio of 4:3 is compressed in a horizontal direction to be displayed on a display screen having an aspect ratio of 16:9, a gray scale signal is inserted into a right edge and a left edge of an image signal and a brightness level of the inserted gray scale signal is made to correspond to an average brightness level of the image signal. Accordingly, a boundary line between a video image area and a non-video image area due to the difference in luminous characteristics of phosphors becomes hardly recognizable.

Abstract: A video imaging device obtains the eyeball image of a cornea using light emitted from an imaging light source to the cornea. On the basis of the obtained eyeball image, a video processing device calculates the X- and Y-axis shift amounts and torsion angle of the cornea with respect to the reference position and causes a coordinate indicating device to indicate the calculated X- and Y-axis shift amounts and torsion angle. With this arrangement, the position and torsion angle of the cornea of the patient can be accurately detected and measured without forming any mark on the eyeball to measure the position of the cornea, and the measured position and torsion angle of the cornea can be indicated.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a process cartridge detachably mountable with respect to the main body of the apparatus. The process cartridge is provided with an image bearing member, a charger for charging the image bearing member, a power supply for applying an alternating current voltage to the charger, and a controller for variably controlling the alternating current supplied from the power supply to the charger in conformity with information about the use situation of the process cartridge. The process cartridge can also include an image bearing member, a charger for charging the image bearing member, the charger permitting an alternating current voltage to be applied thereto by a power supply, and a memory for storing therein information about the use situation of the process cartridge, and information of a plurality of preset control values for an alternating current supplied from the power supply to the charger to be variably controlled in conformity with the information.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member and a charge member for electrically charging the image bearing member while contacting the image bearing member. An oscillating voltage, including a component of AC voltage, is applied to the charge member. A first detector detects an average of the AC current applied to the charge member. A second detector detects a value of the AC current corresponding to a peak of the AC voltage. A controller effects control such that when a detected current value is smaller than a first predetermined value, the detected current value of the first detector is at the first predetermined value, and when the detected current value of the first detector is larger than the first predetermined value, a current value of the second detector is at a second predetermined value.

Abstract: The invention provides an image forming apparatus comprising an intermediate transfer belt composed of a resinous material, a transfer member for transferring a toner image on the intermediate transferring belt onto a transfer material, and an opposing member provided to be opposed to the transfer member across the intermediate transferring belt. The transfer member and the opposing member can be mutually pressured, and the intermediate transferring belt and the opposing member have an integrally measured microhardness smaller than 97°. Thus the invention provides an image forming apparatus capable of preventing a transfer unevenness caused at the transfer of the toner image from the intermediate transferring belt to the transfer material, and an intermediate transfer unit which is detachably attachable to the image forming apparatus.