Abstract: A packing member, a toner container, and a packing method. The packing member contains the toner container, and the packing member includes a box containing the toner container with a gap between one side of the box and a container body and between the one side of the box and a large-dimension portion of the toner container, a first pressing portion that presses the container body, and a second pressing portion that presses the large-dimension portion. In the packing member, the large-dimension portion of the toner container is disposed at one end of the container body, and the large-dimension portion has a wider dimension than the container body in a direction orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the toner container. In the packing member, the container body contacts, with first contact force, a first bearer inside the box to maintain the gap.

Abstract: A half thrust bearing includes a slide surface which includes: at least two oil grooves extending in a radial direction; a plurality of pad surfaces located on both sides of each oil groove in a circumferential direction; and at least two first inclined surfaces each formed between the oil groove and the pad surface on a front side of the oil groove in a rotation direction of a crankshaft. A plurality of circumferential grooves are formed in succession in the radial direction on the first inclined surface. A plurality of oil drain grooves extends side by side to intersect the circumferential direction and the radial direction on the pad surface. A plurality of flat portions are formed each between the adjacent oil drain grooves. Each oil drain groove is open at a radially outer end and/or a radially inner end of the pad surface.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fuel cell includes: growing carbon nanotubes substantially perpendicular to a substrate formed by loading a growth catalyst on a base material; arranging the substrate and a polymer electrolyte membrane so as to oppose to each other and combining the carbon nanotubes with the polymer electrolyte membrane; and dissolving and removing part of the substrate by immersing the substrate in a solution which dissolves the substrate, after the carbon nanotubes and the polymer electrolyte membrane are combined.

Abstract: The separator of which the region facing the MEA is a flat includes the first electrode facing plate and the second electrode facing plate. The separator includes the reaction gas supply manifold to which the reaction gas is supplied. The first electrode facing plate includes a plurality of reaction gas supply holes formed at the end of the cell-reaction region. The intermediate plate includes a plurality of reaction gas supply path slits that forms the reaction gas supply paths, wherein each of the reaction gas supply paths has one end connected to the reaction gas supply manifold and other end connected to at least one of the plurality of reaction gas supply holes.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fuel cell includes: growing carbon nanotubes substantially perpendicular to a substrate formed by loading a growth catalyst on a base material; arranging the substrate and a polymer electrolyte membrane so as to oppose to each other and combining the carbon nanotubes with the polymer electrolyte membrane; and dissolving and removing part of the substrate by immersing the substrate in a solution which dissolves the substrate, after the carbon nanotubes and the polymer electrolyte membrane are combined.

Abstract: A cathode catalyst layer (16) includes electron conducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (161) having a hollow space formed at an interior. The CNTs (161) are, in a hollow space forming direction thereof, open at a first end and are closed at a second end. The open end (161a) is disposed so as to be in contact with a gas diffusion layer (22). On the other hand, the closed end (161b) is disposed so as to be in contact with a polymer electrolyte membrane (12). Defects are formed on a surface of the CNTs (161). The defects (161c) are formed so as to communicate between an outer surface of the CNTs (161) and the hollow space. Catalyst particles (162) are provided on the outer surface of the CNTs (161), and an ionomer (163) is provided so as to cover the catalyst particles (162).

Abstract: A separator of a fuel cell stack, which has flat surfaces that face MEAs, includes a cathode-side plate, an anode-side plate and an intermediate plate. The intermediate plate has a plurality of oxidant gas supply channel openings that communicate with an oxidant gas supply manifold and oxidant gas supply holes of the cathode-side plate, and a plurality of oxidant gas exhaust channel openings that communicate with an oxidant gas exhaust manifold and oxidant gas exhaust holes of the anode-side plate. The width and spacing of the oxidant gas exhaust channel openings are set to be larger than those of the oxidant gas supply channel openings.

Abstract: The present invention provides a self tanning cosmetic containing 0.2-20.0 mass % of dihydroxyacetone and 0.1-10.0 mass % of an inorganic pigment powder whose surface is treated with silica coating followed by a hydrophobing treatment. The present invention provides a cosmetic that has superior storage stability, is free of discoloration and odor generation, and achieves both the decorative effect of the pigment immediately following application and the long term dyeing effect of dihydroxyacetone.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a porous element, a first electrode, and a separator. The porous element is an element as a channel through which a reaction gas passes into the interior, the porous element having a first surface and a second surface. The first electrode is disposed on the first surface side of the porous element. The separator in contact with the second surface of the porous element is includes a first plate and a second plate, the first plate having a contact part in contact with the second surface, the second plate facing the first plate. A cooling medium channel is formed between the first plate and the second plate. The first plate has first dimples that are indented on a side of the first porous element and protrude on a side of the cooling medium channel.

Abstract: In a fuel cell, a porous portion is formed in a separator. At a surface of the porous portion opposite to a surface where a reactant gas passage is formed, a cooling gas passage is formed. The cooling gas passage may be fluidly connected to a reactant gas supply passage for supplying reactant gas to the fuel cell. The cooling gas passage is controllable in flow amount. The porous portion is formed only in a separator portion where a downstream portion of the reactant gas passage is located. At a separator portion where an upstream portion of the reactant gas passage is located, a coolant passage is formed. A rib and a rib-bottom portion have a great porosity. A groove may be filled with porous material. The porous portion may be replaced by a water exchange portion. A portion of the separator other than the region of the porous portion may be made by porous material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a self tanning cosmetic containing 0.2-20.0 mass % of dihydroxyacetone and 0.1-10.0 mass % of an inorganic pigment powder whose surface is treated with silica coating followed by a hydrophobing treatment. The present invention provides a cosmetic that has superior storage stability, is free of discoloration and odor generation, and achieves both the decorative effect of the pigment immediately following application and the long term dyeing effect of dihydroxyacetone.

Abstract: A fuel cell including a separator (40), a porous body (27) through which reaction gas flows, and a power generating unit (20) having a built-in seal gasket, in which the porous body (27) has a prevention section (50) formed on its outer perimeter, the porosity of the prevention section (50) being lower than the porosity of the porous body (27).

Abstract: In a seal gasket-integrated MEA (45) in which a frame (450) having a sealing part (459) is integrally formed around a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA section 451), a high-rigidity member (458) having higher rigidity than the frame (450) is provide around a frame (450) having relatively low rigidity.

Abstract: A separator of a fuel cell stack, which has flat surfaces that face MEAs, includes a cathode-side plate, an anode-side plate and an intermediate plate. The intermediate plate has a plurality of oxidant gas supply channel openings that communicate with an oxidant gas supply manifold and oxidant gas supply holes of the cathode-side plate, and a plurality of oxidant gas exhaust channel openings that communicate with an oxidant gas exhaust manifold and oxidant gas exhaust holes of the anode-side plate. The width and spacing of the oxidant gas exhaust channel openings are set to be larger than those of the oxidant gas supply channel openings.

Abstract: The separator of which the region facing the MEA is a flat includes the first electrode facing plate and the second electrode facing plate. The separator includes the reaction gas supply manifold to which the reaction gas is supplied. The first electrode facing plate includes a plurality of reaction gas supply holes formed at the end of the cell-reaction region. The intermediate plate includes a plurality of reaction gas supply path slits that forms the reaction gas supply paths, wherein each of the reaction gas supply paths has one end connected to the reaction gas supply manifold and other end connected to at least one of the plurality of reaction gas supply holes.

Abstract: A fuel cell has a plurality of unit fuel cells and a gas manifold configured to path through the plurality of the unit fuel cells. Each of the plurality of unit fuel cells has an electrode and a separator. The separator includes in its interior a plurality of gas channels configured to communicate the gas manifold and a gas passage existing on a surface of the electrode. These gas channels include at least one gas through hole configured to open on a surface of the separator facing the electrode. The gas through holes provided on the plurality of gas channels include a first through hole group provided at a short distance from the gas manifold, and a second through hole group provided at a large distance from the gas manifold.

Abstract: A fuel cell wherein reactive gas or coolant flow directions within single-cell internal passages may be changed by switching the positions of flow control means such as electromagnetic valves in order to alter flow directions and flow velocities in accordance with fuel cell operating states. Altering flow to different directions within the internal passages, such as to a second flow direction perpendicular to a first flow direction, permits control of gas flow to combat fuel cell flooding, wherein the altered reactant gas flow causes accumulated water to be discharged from the cell. Such flow control further permits control of gas and coolant temperatures to optimize cell moisture distribution and control.

Abstract: A plurality of substrates after subjected to a chemical solution processing in a second processing bath is immersed in deionized water stored in a first processing bath. At this time, a holding mechanism is moved down such that the positions in the height direction of two holding bars among three holding bars, which are disposed on a deionized water nozzle side, are substantially the same as that of an upper deionized water nozzle. A lower deionized water nozzle keeps supplying deionized water, so that deionized water overflows an internal bath toward an external bath. Subsequently, to the two holding bars, the corresponding upper deionized water nozzles expel deionized water. This applies a sufficiently strong steam of water to the two holding bars, so that a residue adhered to holding grooves of these holding bars can be cleaned well. A holding groove of the rest holding bar can be cleaned well by a stream of water that can be formed by deionized water supplied from a lower deionized nozzle.

Abstract: Deposit is removed by supplying chemical solution on a semiconductor substrate with the semiconductor substrate kept rotating. Next, the chemical solution supply is shut off while rotation of the semiconductor substrate being maintained, which allows to scatter the chemical solution on the semiconductor substrate. Next, water is supplied on the semiconductor substrate with the semiconductor substrate kept rotating. This results in washing the semiconductor substrate. The water supply is shut off while rotation of the semiconductor substrate being maintained, which allows to scatter the water on the semiconductor substrate. Then, these processes are repeated depending on a degree of cleanness on a front face of the semiconductor substrate. In this removing method, the chemical solution and the water are hardly mixed so as to prevent corrosion and elution of a wiring material.

Abstract: In a fuel cell, a porous portion is formed in a separator. At a surface of the porous portion opposite to a surface where a reactant gas passage is formed, a cooling gas passage is formed. The cooling gas passage may be fluidly connected to a reactant gas supply passage for supplying reactant gas to the fuel cell. The cooling gas passage is controllable in flow amount. The porous portion is formed only in a separator portion where a downstream portion of the reactant gas passage is located. At a separator portion where an upstream portion of the reactant gas passage is located, a coolant passage is formed. A rib and a rib-bottom portion have a great porosity. A groove may be filled with porous material. The porous portion may be replaced by a water exchange portion. A portion of the separator other than the region of the porous portion may be made by porous material.