Abstract: A substrate standby device configured to allow a substrate to standby is provided. The substrate has a first liquid film adhering to a top surface and a bottom surface thereof. The substrate standby device includes a processing liquid supply configured to supply a processing liquid to the top surface of the substrate; a mass measuring device configured to measure a mass of the substrate; a first imaging device configured to acquire a top surface image; and a controller. The controller performs: forming a second liquid film by supplying a first amount of the processing liquid to the top surface of the substrate; measuring a mass of the second liquid film; acquiring the top surface image; and determining a state of the second liquid film based on the top surface image when the mass of the second liquid film is equal to or greater than a first threshold.

Abstract: The two-stage hydrocracking process of the present invention comprises bringing the first-stage feed oil containing a hydrocarbon component and having a boiling point of 316° C. or higher into contact with the first-stage catalyst in the presence of hydrogen to obtain a first-stage product; separating the first-stage product into heavy component and light component containing the middle distillate products; bringing the second-stage feed oil containing heavy component of the first-stage reaction product into contact with the second-stage catalyst in the presence of hydrogen to obtain the second-stage product; separating the second-stage product into heavy component and light component comprising middle distillate products and recycling part of the heavy component of the second-stage product to the second-stage feed oil. Hydrocracking activity of the first-stage catalyst is higher than hydrocracking activity of the second-stage catalyst.

Abstract: The two-stage hydrocracking process of the present invention comprises bringing the first-stage feed oil containing a hydrocarbon component and having a boiling point of 316° C. or higher into contact with the first-stage catalyst in the presence of hydrogen to obtain a first-stage product; separating the first-stage product into heavy component and light component containing the middle distillate products; bringing the second-stage feed oil containing heavy component of the first-stage reaction product into contact with the second-stage catalyst in the presence of hydrogen to obtain the second-stage product; separating the second-stage product into heavy component and light component comprising middle distillate products and recycling part of the heavy component of the second-stage product to the second-stage feed oil. Hydrocracking activity of the first-stage catalyst is higher than hydrocracking activity of the second-stage catalyst.

Abstract: In a method of growing a gallium nitride related compound semiconductor crystal on a single crystal substrate, the {011} plane or the {101} plane of rare earth group 13 (3B) perovskite is used as the single crystal substrate. As a result, a gallium nitride group semiconductor crystal excellent in crystallinity can be grown epitaxially.