Abstract: A flowmeter is inserted into a main passage through which a target fluid flows. The flowmeter includes a housing, a sub passage, an inlet portion, an outlet portion, a flow rate detector, and a protrusion. The housing includes a side surface and a tip end surface. A part of the target fluid flows into the sub passage from the main passage. The target fluid flows into the sub passage through the inlet portion and flows out of the sub passage through the outlet portion. The flow rate detector is configured to detect a flow rate of the target fluid flowing through the sub passage. The tip end surface includes a first end area and a second end area. The protrusion protrudes from the tip end surface and is located in both the first end area and the second end area.

Abstract: A flowmeter includes a hollow housing, a first passage, a second passage, a detector, and a flat surface. The housing includes a first side wall and a second side wall and defines an inlet opening and an outlet opening that is defined in the first side wall. The first passage fluidly connects between the inlet opening and the outlet opening. The second passage branches off from the first passage. The detector is disposed in the second passage and configured to detect a flow rate of the target fluid flowing through the second passage. The flat surface is an outer surface of the first side wall and extends between an upstream end of the first side wall and the outlet opening along the main flow direction.

Abstract: A flowmeter is inserted into a main passage through which a target fluid flows. The flowmeter includes a housing, a sub passage, an inlet portion, an outlet portion, a flow rate detector, and a protrusion. The housing includes a side surface and a tip end surface. A part of the target fluid flows into the sub passage from the main passage. The target fluid flows into the sub passage through the inlet portion and flows out of the sub passage through the outlet portion. The flow rate detector is configured to detect a flow rate of the target fluid flowing through the sub passage. The tip end surface includes a first end area and a second end area. The protrusion protrudes from the tip end surface and is located in both the first end area and the second end area.

Abstract: A first one-way valve is provided in a first advance passage connecting a hydraulic pump to a control advance chamber. A second one-way valve is provided in a first retard passage connecting the hydraulic pump to a control retard chamber. A first control valve is provided in a second advance passage to bypass the first one-way valve for communication of the first advance passage. A second control valve is provided in a second retard passage to bypass the second one-way valve for communication of the first retard passage. The first control valve operates by the pilot pressure to close the second advance passage at advance controlling and opening it at retard controlling. The second control valve operates by the pilot pressure to close the second retard passage at retard controlling and open it at advance controlling.

Abstract: A first one-way valve is provided in a first advance passage connecting a hydraulic pump to a control advance chamber. A second one-way valve is provided in a first retard passage connecting the hydraulic pump to a control retard chamber. A first control valve is provided in a second advance passage to bypass the first one-way valve for communication of the first advance passage. A second control valve is provided in a second retard passage to bypass the second one-way valve for communication of the first retard passage. The first control valve operates by the pilot pressure to close the second advance passage at advance controlling and opening it at retard controlling. The second control valve operates by the pilot pressure to close the second retard passage at retard controlling and open it at advance controlling.

Abstract: A valve timing adjusting apparatus has a housing and a vane rotor to form multiple fluid chambers, and a relative position of the vane rotor to the housing is adjusted by the fluid pressure supplied into the fluid chambers. A check valve is provided in a branched passage portion, so that working fluid may not be pushed out from an advancing fluid chamber to a low pressure side, even when the working fluid in the advancing fluid chamber is temporally compressed to increase its fluid pressure due to a torque change applied from a cam shaft to the vane rotor.

Abstract: A valve timing adjusting apparatus has a housing and a vane rotor to form multiple fluid chambers, and a relative position of the vane rotor to the housing is adjusted by the fluid pressure supplied into the fluid chambers. A check valve is provided in a branched passage portion, so that working fluid may not be pushed out from an advancing fluid chamber to a low pressure side, even when the working fluid in the advancing fluid chamber is temporally compressed to increase its fluid pressure due to a torque change applied from a cam shaft to the vane rotor.

Abstract: A shoe housing receives a driving force from a crankshaft and a vane rotor rotates with a camshaft in combination. The vane rotor is received in the shoe housing in such a way as to freely turn. Each of the vanes of the vane rotor partitions each of three receiving chambers into a retard hydraulic chamber and an advance hydraulic chamber. A check valve is disposed in an advance supply passage. The check valve allows a working oil to flow from an oil pump through the advance supply passage to the advance hydraulic chamber and prohibits the working oil from flowing back from the advance hydraulic chamber through the advance supply passage to a drain.

Abstract: A supply switching valve (140) can selectively switch the communication between a supply path (104) and a retard supply path (110) and the communication between the supply path (104) and an advance supply path (120). Check valves (111, 121) are arranged in the retard supply path (110) and the advance supply path (120), respectively. The check valves (111, 121) allow the working oil to be supplied from an oil pump (102) to each oil pressure chamber and prohibit the reverse flow of the working oil from each oil pressure chamber to the oil pump (102). A discharge switching valve (150) is configured independently of the supply switching valve (140) and can selectively switch the communication between a retard discharge path (130) and a discharge path (134) and the communication between an advance discharge path (132) and the discharge path (134).

Abstract: A shoe housing receives a driving force from a crankshaft and a vane rotor rotates with a camshaft in combination. The vane rotor is received in the shoe housing in such a way as to freely turn. Each of the vanes of the vane rotor partitions each of three receiving chambers into a retard hydraulic chamber and an advance hydraulic chamber. A check valve is disposed in an advance supply passage. The check valve allows a working oil to flow from an oil pump through the advance supply passage to the advance hydraulic chamber and prohibits the working oil from flowing back from the advance hydraulic chamber through the advance supply passage to a drain.

Abstract: A supply switching valve (140) can selectively switch the communication between a supply path (104) and a retard supply path (110) and the communication between the supply path (104) and an advance supply path (120). Check valves (111, 121) are arranged in the retard supply path (110) and the advance supply path (120), respectively. The check valves (111, 121) allow the working oil to be supplied from an oil pump (102) to each oil pressure chamber and prohibit the reverse flow of the working oil from each oil pressure chamber to the oil pump (102). A discharge switching valve (150) is configured independently of the supply switching valve (140) and can selectively switch the communication between a retard discharge path (130) and a discharge path (134) and the communication between an advance discharge path (132) and the discharge path (134).